Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Women`s Health Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4048
ISSN (Online): 1875-6581

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

The Impact of the Theory-Based Training on Beliefs of Women towards Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors

Author(s): Alireza Didarloo, Leila Mokhtary, Hamid-Reza Khalkhali and Soheila Ahangarzadeh-Rezaei*

Volume 16, Issue 3, 2020

Page: [229 - 235] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573404816999200402120836

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women that is fatal if not diagnosed and treated in due time. Health beliefs play an important role in people's willingness to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the health belief model (HBM)-based training intervention on women’s health beliefs towards breast cancer screening behaviors.

Methods: The study of educational intervention was conducted on women referred to healthcare centers. The sample was selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups of 50 subjects. The intervention group received the theory-based training intervention, but the control group received only the routine care. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) was used for collecting the study data. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared test, and correlation coefficient in SPSS software version 16.00.

Results: The mean age of the subjects for control and intervention groups was 39.06±9.78, 38.32±8.27, respectively. Overall, 38%, 12% and 13%of the subjects reported breast selfexamination behavior, mammography and clinical breast examinations, respectively. Before the intervention program, the overall mean score of health beliefs in groups of control and intervention was 160.82±23.28, and 159.14±20.61, respectively. After educational intervention, the overall mean score of beliefs in the intervention group changed from 159.14±20.61 to 195.26±24.42, and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the control group, after the intervention, no significant changes were observed in the mean score of total health beliefs and were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among the variables of the HBM, women's perceived self-efficacy toward breast selfexamination experienced the most positive change after an educational intervention.

Conclusion: Our results indicated that HBM-based training significantly improved women’s beliefs toward breast cancer screening behaviors. It is suggested that trainers in the healthcare system use these educational approaches to promote people’s beliefs toward breast cancer and its screening methods.

Keywords: Breast cancer, training intervention, Screening behavior, health belief, mammography, clinical breast examinations.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Salek R, Shahidsales S, Mozafari V. Changing pattern in the clinical presentation of breast cancer in the absence of a screening program over a period of thirty-three years in Iran. Breast 2016; 28: 95-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2016.05.003] [PMID: 27262825]
[2]
Berendsen AJ, Roorda C, Jansen L, de Bock GH. Patients’ beliefs about the aims of breast cancer follow-up: A qualitative study. Maturitas 2016; 91: 140-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.06.014] [PMID: 27451332]
[3]
Nies MA, McEwen M. Community/public health nursing, promoting the health of population. 6th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Saunders 2015; pp. 324-6.
[4]
Alizadeh Otaghvar H, Hosseini M, Tizmaghz A, Shabestanipour G, Noori H. A review on metastatic breast cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5(6): 429-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.02.001]
[5]
Kimiafar K, Sarbaz M, Shahid Sales S, Esmaeili M, Javame Ghazvini Z. Breast cancer patients’ information needs and information-seeking behavior in a developing country. Breast 2016; 28: 156-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2016.05.011] [PMID: 27318171]
[6]
Asadzadeh Vostakolaei F, Broeders MJM, Mousavi SM, Kiemeney LALM, Verbeek ALM. The effect of demographic and lifestyle changes on the burden of breast cancer in Iranian women: a projection to 2030. Breast 2013; 22(3): 277-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2012.07.002] [PMID: 22835919]
[7]
Peyman N, Amani M, Esmaily H. The relationship between health literacy and the theory of planned behavior on Breast Cancer Screening Programs among rural women in Roshtkhar, Iran 2015. J Cell Immunother 2015; 1(1-2): 41-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocit.2015.10.042]
[8]
Harbeck N, Gnant M, Thomssen C. Breast cancer is our global responsibility. Breast Care (Basel) 2015; 10(6): 360.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443159] [PMID: 26989353]
[9]
Kwok C, Endrawes G, Lee CF. Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: Psychometric properties assessment of the Arabic version. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20: 42-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2015.08.003] [PMID: 26318141]
[10]
Fouladi N, Pourfarzi F, Mazaheri E, et al. Beliefs and behaviors of breast cancer screening in women referring to health care centers in northwest Iran according to the champion health belief model scale. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14(11): 6857-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6857] [PMID: 24377617]
[11]
Mousavi SM, Harirchi I, Ebrahimi M, et al. Screening for breast cancer in Iran: a challenge for health policy makers. Breast J 2008; 14(6): 605-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00662.x] [PMID: 19000044]
[12]
Shiryazdi SM, Kholasehzadeh G, Neamatzadeh H, Kargar S. Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among Iranian female health workers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(22): 9817-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.22.9817] [PMID: 25520111]
[13]
Elobaid Y, Aw T-C, Lim JNW, Hamid S, Grivna M. Breast cancer presentation delays among Arab and national women in the UAE: a qualitative study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2: 155-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.007] [PMID: 29349136]
[14]
Kohler RE, Gopal S, Miller AR, et al. A framework for improving early detection of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: A qualitative study of help-seeking behaviors among Malawian women. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100(1): 167-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.08.012] [PMID: 27528411]
[15]
Avci IA, Kumcagiz H, Altinel B, Caloglu A. Turkish female academician self-esteem and health beliefs for breast cancer screening. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(1): 155-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.1.155] [PMID: 24528018]
[16]
Erbil N, Bolukbas N. Health beliefs and breast self-examination among female university nursing students in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(16): 6525-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6525] [PMID: 25169481]
[17]
Mermer G, Turk M. Assessment of the effects of breast cancer training on women between the ages of 50 and 70 in Kemalpasa, Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(24): 10749-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.24.10749] [PMID: 25605170]
[18]
Khalili S, Shojaiezadeh D, Azam K, Kheirkhah Rahimabad K, Kharghani Moghadam M, Khazir Z. The effectiveness of education on the health beliefs and practices related to breast cancer screening among women referred to Shahid Behtash Clinic, Lavizan Area, Tehran, Using Health Belief Model. J Health 2014; 5(1): 45-58.
[19]
Didarloo A, Shojaeizadeh D, Gharaaghaji Asl R, Niknami S, Khorami A. Psychosocial correlates of dietary behaviour in type 2 diabetic women, using a behaviour change theory. J Health Popul Nutr 2014; 32(2): 335-41.
[PMID: 25076670]
[20]
Wu TY, West B, Chen YW, Hergert C. Health beliefs and practices related to breast cancer screening in Filipino, Chinese and Asian-Indian women. Cancer Detect Prev 2006; 30(1): 58-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdp.2005.06.013] [PMID: 16458452]
[21]
Menon U, Champion V, Monahan PO, Daggy J, Hui S, Skinner CS. Health belief model variables as predictors of progression in stage of mammography adoption. Am J Health Promot 2007; 21(4): 255-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-21.4.255] [PMID: 17375491]
[22]
Avci IA. Factors associated with breast self-examination practices and beliefs in female workers at a Muslim community. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2008; 12(2): 127-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2007.11.006] [PMID: 18242140]
[23]
Godfrey M. Hochbaum; United States Public Health Service Division of Special Health Services Public Participation in Medical Screening Programs: A Socio-Psychological Study (Public Health Services Publication No 572 Washington, DC: Government Printing Office 1958.
[24]
Çapık C, Gözüm S. The effect of web-assisted education and reminders on health belief, level of knowledge and early diagnosis behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012; 16(1): 71-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2011.03.007] [PMID: 21530397]
[25]
Mokhtary L, Markani AK. Health beliefs and breast cancer early detection behaviors among health care providers in Tabriz Healthcare Centers, Iran. Basic Clin Cancer Res 2014; 6(2): 16-22.
[26]
Rezaeian M, Sharifirad G, Mostafavi F, Moodi M, Abbasi MH. The effects of breast cancer educational intervention on knowledge and health beliefs of women 40 years and older, Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot 2014; 3(43): 43.
[PMID: 25013836]
[27]
Brisling RW. The wording and translation of research instruments.In: Loner WJ, Berry JW, eds. Field Methods in Cross-cultural Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications Inc. 1986; pp. 134-64.
[28]
Bhattacherjee A. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods,and Practices 2nd (ed) Open Access Textbooks; 2012 Available from: [Accessed on: Oct 10, 2015].
[29]
Gonzales A, Alzaatreh M, Mari M, A Saleh A, Alloubani A. Beliefs and behavior of Saudi women in the University of Tabuk toward breast self-examination practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19(1): 121-6.
[PMID: 29373902]
[30]
Baliga MS, Rao S, Rao P, et al. Knowledge of cancer and self-breast examination among women working in agricultural sector in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. IJAR 2017; 3(7): 200-2.
[31]
Mokhtari L, Khorami Markani A, Habibpoor Z. Correlation between health beliefs and breast cancer early detection behaviors among females referring to health centers in Khoy city, Iran. JHPM 2014; 3(4): 56-64.
[32]
Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV, Al-Jashamy K. Practice of breast self-examination among women in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13(8): 3829-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.8.3829] [PMID: 23098479]
[33]
Torkizade S, Soltanian Z. DavariDolatabadi N Awareness of female nursing, midwifery and para medicine students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in relation to the risk factors, prognosis and prevention of breast cancer jmis 2017;; 3(1): 22-8..
[34]
Lee HY, Stange MJ, Ahluwalia JS. Breast cancer screening behaviors among Korean American immigrant women: findings from the Health Belief Model. J Transcult Nurs 2015; 26(5): 450-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659614526457] [PMID: 24848345]
[35]
Kolutek R, Avci IA, Sevig U. Effect of planned follow-up on married women’s health beliefs and behaviors concerning breast and cervical cancer screenings. J Cancer Educ 2018; 33(2): 375-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-016-1114-2] [PMID: 27664038]
[36]
Tuzcu A, Bahar Z, Gözüm S. Effects of interventions based on health behavior models on breast cancer screening behaviors of migrant women in Turkey. Cancer Nurs 2016; 39(2): E40-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000268] [PMID: 26018817]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy