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General Review Article

神经节苷脂的结构作用：X射线散射对模型膜的影响。

卷 27, 期 38, 2020

页: [6548 - 6570] 页: 23

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867327666200103093340

价格: $65

摘要

背景：神经节苷脂是真核细胞质膜的重要组成部分，与多种生理过程有关。关于膜神经节苷脂的分布和功能的分子机制知之甚少。糖萼的极其复杂的组织阻碍了细胞表面的结构分析以及脂质成分之间的相互作用。适用于研究生物界面的高级X射线分析工具需要模拟富含神经节苷脂的细胞膜的简单模型。 目的：利用高分辨率同步加速器X射线散射总结神经节苷脂与脂质环境和生物活性配体相互作用的机理证据。 方法：对过去十年发表的研究进行了全面回顾，以讨论最新成就和未来趋势。 结果：Langmuir单层膜代表了评估神经节苷脂对膜结构影响的适当模型系统。掠入射X射线衍射揭示神经节苷脂对两性离子磷脂的缩合作用，并带有唾液酸基团和磷酸基团的协同堆积。继而，由于碳水化合物部分的伸展构象，神经节苷脂混合物中带负电荷的脂质的排列保持不变。与诸如霍乱毒素和半乳糖凝集素等生物配体相互作用后，神经节苷脂在单层有序区域内的重新分布遵循不同的机理模式。附着在寡糖核心上的霍乱毒素五聚体诱导从斜向六边形晶格的局部转变，导致相共存。内吞空间的酸性环境特征进一步促进了负责内吞作用的A亚基的掺入。 X射线反射率显示了半乳凝素二聚体的面内取向，其中凝集素结合位点和神经节苷脂碳水化合物之间的空间失配干扰了神经酰胺烷基链。最近的数据也证明唾液酸基团是模仿抗癌治疗剂的新型肽的潜在靶标。 结论：结合表面X射线散射，膜模拟方法可以更好地了解神经节苷脂的生物学作用及其潜在应用。

关键词: 神经节苷脂，Langmuir单分子层，X射线散射，脂质膜，霍乱毒素，唾液酸，癌症。

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