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ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

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General Research Article

Cisplatin Toxicology: The Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and GABA Transporters in Cochlear Spiral Ganglion

Author(s): Dongmei Gao, Hong Yu, Bo Li, Li Chen, Xiaoyu Li* and Wenqing Gu*

Volume 25, Issue 45, 2019

Page: [4820 - 4826] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191106143743

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The current study was conducted to examine the specific activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), namely IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the cochlear spiral ganglion of rats after ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. Since γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptors are involved in pathophysiological processes of ototoxicity, we further examined the role played by PICs in regulating expression of GABA transporter type 1 and 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3), as two essential subtypes of GATs responsible for the regulation of extracellular GABA levels in the neuronal tissues.

Methods: ELISA and western blot analysis were employed to examine the levels of PICs and GATs; and auditory brainstem response was used to assess ototoxicity induced by cisplatin.

Results: IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as their receptors were significantly increased in the spiral ganglion of ototoxic rats as compared with sham control animals (P<0.05, ototoxic rats vs. control rats). Cisplatin-ototoxicity also induced upregulation of the protein levels of GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the spiral ganglion (P<0.05 vs. controls). In addition, administration of inhibitors to IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α attenuated amplification of GAT-1 and GAT-3 and improved hearing impairment induced by cisplatin.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that PIC signals are activated in the spiral ganglion during cisplatin-ototoxicity which thereby leads to upregulation of GABA transporters. As a result, it is likely that de-inhibition of GABA system is enhanced in the cochlear spiral ganglion. This supports a role for PICs in engagement of the signal mechanisms associated with cisplatin-ototoxicity, and has pharmacological implications to target specific PICs for GABAergic dysfunction and vulnerability related to cisplatin-ototoxicity.

Keywords: Cytokine, GABA, cochlear spiral ganglion, ototoxicity, cisplatin, TNF-α.

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