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Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

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Review Article

Emerging Complexity and the Need for Advanced Drug Delivery in Targeting Candida Species

Author(s): Ridhima Wadhwa, Parijat Pandey, Gaurav Gupta, Taru Aggarwal, Nitesh Kumar, Meenu Mehta, Saurabh Satija, Monica Gulati, Jyotsna R. Madan, Harish Dureja, Sri R. Balusamy, Haribalan Perumalsamy, Pawan K. Maurya, Trudi Collet, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Philip M. Hansbro, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan* and Kamal Dua*

Volume 19, Issue 28, 2019

Page: [2593 - 2609] Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191026105308

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.

Methods: The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.

Results: This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).

Conclusion: It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.

Keywords: Candida, Immune cells, Receptor-mediated recognition, Immune-compromised patients, Novel drug delivery system, Antifungal therapy.

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