Abstract
Bone is a specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix in which cells are embedded. Besides providing the internal support of the body and protection for vital organs, bone also has several important metabolic functions, especially in mineral homeostasis. Far from being a passive tissue, it is continuously being resorbed and formed again throughout life, by a process known as bone remodeling.
Bone development and remodeling are influenced by many factors, some of which may be modifiable in the early steps of life. Several studies have shown that environmental factors in uterus and in infancy may modify the skeletal growth pattern, influencing the risk of bone disease in later life. On the other hand, bone remodeling is a highly orchestrated multicellular process that requires the sequential and balanced events of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. These processes are accompanied by specific gene expression patterns which are responsible for the differentiation of the mesenchymal and hematopoietic precursors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, and the activity of differentiated bone cells. This review summarizes the current understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms influence these processes and their possible role in common skeletal diseases.
Keywords: DNA methylation, histones, miRNA, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoporosis, gene expression
Current Genomics
Title:Do Epigenetic Marks Govern Bone Mass and Homeostasis?
Volume: 13 Issue: 3
Author(s): Jesus Delgado-Calle, Pablo Garmilla and Jose A. Riancho
Affiliation:
Keywords: DNA methylation, histones, miRNA, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoporosis, gene expression
Abstract: Bone is a specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix in which cells are embedded. Besides providing the internal support of the body and protection for vital organs, bone also has several important metabolic functions, especially in mineral homeostasis. Far from being a passive tissue, it is continuously being resorbed and formed again throughout life, by a process known as bone remodeling.
Bone development and remodeling are influenced by many factors, some of which may be modifiable in the early steps of life. Several studies have shown that environmental factors in uterus and in infancy may modify the skeletal growth pattern, influencing the risk of bone disease in later life. On the other hand, bone remodeling is a highly orchestrated multicellular process that requires the sequential and balanced events of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. These processes are accompanied by specific gene expression patterns which are responsible for the differentiation of the mesenchymal and hematopoietic precursors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, and the activity of differentiated bone cells. This review summarizes the current understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms influence these processes and their possible role in common skeletal diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Delgado-Calle Jesus, Garmilla Pablo and A. Riancho Jose, Do Epigenetic Marks Govern Bone Mass and Homeostasis?, Current Genomics 2012; 13 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212800543129
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212800543129 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
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