Abstract
Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) for ultrasound-based applications have resulted in novel ways of approaching diagnostic and therapeutic techniques beyond what is possible with microbubble contrast agents and liquid emulsions. When subjected to sufficient pressures delivered by an ultrasound transducer, stabilized droplets undergo a phase-transition to the gaseous state and a volumetric expansion occurs. This phenomenon, termed acoustic droplet vaporization, has been proposed as a means to address a number of in vivo applications at the microscale and nanoscale. In this review, the history of PCCAs, physical mechanisms involved, and proposed applications are discussed with a summary of studies demonstrated in vivo. Factors that influence the design of PCCAs are discussed, as well as the need for future studies to characterize potential bioeffects for administration in humans and optimization of ultrasound parameters.
Keywords: Ultrasound, contrast agent, phase-change, acoustic droplet vaporization, perfluorocarbon, microbubble, drug delivery, diagnostic imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Phase-Change Contrast Agents for Imaging and Therapy
Volume: 18 Issue: 15
Author(s): Paul S. Sheeran and Paul A.Dayton
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ultrasound, contrast agent, phase-change, acoustic droplet vaporization, perfluorocarbon, microbubble, drug delivery, diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) for ultrasound-based applications have resulted in novel ways of approaching diagnostic and therapeutic techniques beyond what is possible with microbubble contrast agents and liquid emulsions. When subjected to sufficient pressures delivered by an ultrasound transducer, stabilized droplets undergo a phase-transition to the gaseous state and a volumetric expansion occurs. This phenomenon, termed acoustic droplet vaporization, has been proposed as a means to address a number of in vivo applications at the microscale and nanoscale. In this review, the history of PCCAs, physical mechanisms involved, and proposed applications are discussed with a summary of studies demonstrated in vivo. Factors that influence the design of PCCAs are discussed, as well as the need for future studies to characterize potential bioeffects for administration in humans and optimization of ultrasound parameters.
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Cite this article as:
S. Sheeran Paul and A.Dayton Paul, Phase-Change Contrast Agents for Imaging and Therapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212800099883
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212800099883 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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