Highlights in the Development of New Antiviral Agents

E.      De clercq

doi:10.2174/1389557024605474

Abstract

The potential of a large variety of new compounds and new strategies for the treatment of virtually all major virus infections has been addressed. This includes, for the treatment of HIV infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-N), co-receptor antagonists (TAK-779, AMD3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside T-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: emtricitabine, amdoxovir, dOTC, d4TMP prodrugs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide UC-781, capravirine, SJ-3366, DPC 083, TMC 125 / R165335), integrase inhibitors (diketo acids), transcription inhibitors (temacrazine, flavopiridol), protease inhibitors (atazanavir, mozenavir, tipranavir) for the treatment of RSV and paramyxovirus infections, viral fusion inhibitors (R170591, VP- 14637, NMS03) for the treatment of picornavirus infections, viral uncoating inhibitors (pleconaril) for the treatment of pesti- (hepaci-, flavi-) virus infections, RNA replicase inhibitors (VP-32947) for the treatment of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV, CMV) infections, DNA polymerase inhibitors (A-5021, L- and Dcyclohexenylguanine) for the treatment of VZV infections, bicyclic furopyrimidine analogues for the treatment of CMV infections, fomivirsen for the treatment of DNA virus infections at large (papilloma-, polyoma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections), cidofovir for the treatment of influenza, neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir, RWJ-270201) for the treatment of HBV infections, adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of HBV and HCV infections, N-glycosylation inhibitors (N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin) and, finally, IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, for the treatment of various virus infections, including hemorrhagic fever virus infections.

Keywords: antiviral agents, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(nrtis)zidovudine, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(nnrtis), herpes simplex virus(hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), virus adsorption inhibitors, viral fusion inhibitors(hiv), viral uncoating inhibitors(picorna-viruses), viral uncoating inhibitors(hiv), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(nrtis)