Abstract
The determination of the extent of the non-viable tissue after myocardial infarction has a major impact on further treatment of patients. During acute myocardial infarction, total sodium content of the tissue is elevated. This is caused by discontinuation of ion homeostasis, edema formation and membrane rupture. The situation is a different one in the chronic phase of scar formation, where cell migration causes changes in the ratio of extra- and intracellular volume. The accumulation of sodium causes an increase in the signal in 23Na magnetic resonance imaging. The differences in intra- and extracellular sodium concentration modulate total sodium content and can be used as a natural, intrinsic contrast. In animal experiments, 23Na magnetic resonance imaging allows the non-invasive determination of infarct size. As neither stunned nor hibernating tissue shows elevated total sodium content of the tissue, the method is able to discriminate viable and non-viable tissue. A small number of initial clinical studies show promising results for the use of this technique in humans. The development of 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and the current status of the application are described.
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, myocardial viability, myocardial infarction, ion homeostasis
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: 23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Determination of Myocardial Viability: The Status and the Challenges
Volume: 2 Issue: 4
Author(s): Michael Horn
Affiliation:
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, myocardial viability, myocardial infarction, ion homeostasis
Abstract: The determination of the extent of the non-viable tissue after myocardial infarction has a major impact on further treatment of patients. During acute myocardial infarction, total sodium content of the tissue is elevated. This is caused by discontinuation of ion homeostasis, edema formation and membrane rupture. The situation is a different one in the chronic phase of scar formation, where cell migration causes changes in the ratio of extra- and intracellular volume. The accumulation of sodium causes an increase in the signal in 23Na magnetic resonance imaging. The differences in intra- and extracellular sodium concentration modulate total sodium content and can be used as a natural, intrinsic contrast. In animal experiments, 23Na magnetic resonance imaging allows the non-invasive determination of infarct size. As neither stunned nor hibernating tissue shows elevated total sodium content of the tissue, the method is able to discriminate viable and non-viable tissue. A small number of initial clinical studies show promising results for the use of this technique in humans. The development of 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and the current status of the application are described.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Horn Michael, 23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Determination of Myocardial Viability: The Status and the Challenges, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2004; 2 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161043385574
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161043385574 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Approaches and Recent Trends in Gene Delivery for Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Adrenomedullin: Roles for Structure and Function in Cardiac or Vascular Tissues
Current Hypertension Reviews Contrast Echocardiography: An Update on Clinical Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lipid Management and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Current Drug Targets Molecular Chaperone Disorders: Defective Hsp60 in Neurodegeneration
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Shedding Light on the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia-Syndrome in the Era of Cardio-Obstetrics: Role of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
Current Hypertension Reviews Endothelial Expression of MHC Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Stress and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Adiponectin and its Receptors as Potential Therapeutical Targets
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Left Ventricular 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Uptake Using Modified Oral Glucose Loading Protocol With Pre-Medicated Niacin On Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography - A Preliminary Study
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Cardiac Regeneration: Stem Cells and Beyond
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Antioxidants to Mitochondria: A Potential New Therapeutic Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cross Talk Among Leukocytes, Platelets, and Endothelial Cells and its Relevance to Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science Disruption of Circadian Rhythms and Delirium, Sleep Impairment and Sepsis in Critically ill Patients. Potential Therapeutic Implications for Increased Light-Dark Contrast and Melatonin Therapy in an ICU Environment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Safety of Drug Eluting Stents: Current Concerns and Controversies
Current Drug Safety Cerebral Aneurysm as an Exacerbating Factor in Stroke Pathology and a Therapeutic Target for Neuroprotection
Current Pharmaceutical Design The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) Inhibitor Zileuton Reduces Inflammation and Infarct Size with Improvement in Neurological Outcome Following Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neurovascular Research Acute Stroke Therapy: Combination Drugs and Multifunctional Neuroprotectants
Current Neuropharmacology Rac-1 as a New Therapeutic Target in Cerebro- and Cardio-Vascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Melanocortins As Innovative Drugs for Ischemic Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Established Data and Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry