Azetidine-Based Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV)

Title: Azetidine-Based Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV)

Volume: 7 Issue: 6

Author(s): Dana Ferraris, Sergei Belyakov, Weixing Li, Eddie Oliver, Yao-Sen Ko, David Calvin, Susan Lautar, Bert Thomas and Camilo Rojas

Affiliation:

Keywords: Pyrrolidine Based DPP IV Inhibitors, ketone-based DPP IV inhibitors, Cyanopyrrolidine, fluoroazetidines, ketopyrrolidines

Abstract: The structure-activity relationships of azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors will be discussed in detail in the following review. The azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors can be divided into three main subtypes, the 2-cyanoazetidines, 3-fluoroazetidines and 2-ketoazetidines. These subtypes have been explored and structure-activity relationships have been established by several groups. Several compounds within each of these subtypes display sub micromolar potency against DPP IV. The most potent cyanoazetidines and ketoazetidines have large, hydrophobic amino acid groups bound to the azetidine nitrogen and display activities below 100nM. DPP IV inhibition is not sensitive to stereochemistry at the 2- position as both 2-(R)- and 2-(S)-cyano and -keto azetidines display similar inhibitory potencies. While these “warhead”- based cyano- and ketoazetidines have the potential for covalent, bond-forming inhibition, they can also react to internally cyclize into inactive ketopiperazines and dihydroketopyrazine. Thus, chemical instability was also explored for compounds in these two subtypes and certain members of the cyanoazetidine series display aqueous stability comparable to the closely related cyanopyrrolidines. Select 3-fluoroazetidines also display inhibitory potencies below 1μM without the propensity for cyclization and chemical instability associated with the other subseries.

Cite this article as:

Ferraris Dana, Belyakov Sergei, Li Weixing, Oliver Eddie, Ko Yao-Sen, Calvin David, Lautar Susan, Thomas Bert and Rojas Camilo, Azetidine-Based Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV), Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2007; 7 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802607780090993