Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Maria Antonietta Panaro and Antonia Cianciulli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Antonietta Panaro Maria and Cianciulli Antonia, Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Combating Protein Misfolding and Aggregation by Intracellular Antibodies
Current Molecular Medicine Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Update on Tetraterpenoids
The Natural Products Journal Drusen in the Peripheral Retina of the Alzheimer’s Eye
Current Alzheimer Research The Heterogeneity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Possible Explanation of Treatment Failure
Current Medicinal Chemistry P2Y Receptors in the Mammalian Nervous System: Pharmacology, Ligands and Therapeutic Potential
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Beneficial Effects of Lysosome-Modulating and Other Pharmacological and Nanocarrier Agents on Amyloid-beta-treated Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Oxidative Stress in the Early Stage of Psychosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic:Active and Passive Aβ-Immunotherapy: Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Future Directions: Part I (Guest Editors: Michael G. Agadjanyan and David H. Cribbs)]
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Rhein-Huprine Derivatives Reduce Cognitive Impairment, Synaptic Failure and Amyloid Pathology in AβPPswe/PS-1 Mice of Different Ages
Current Alzheimer Research Targeting Ras Activity Prevented Amyloid Beta-Induced Aberrant Neuronal Cell Cycle Re-Entry and Death
Current Alzheimer Research Glutamate Transporter 1: Target for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence
Current Medicinal Chemistry Application of an In Vivo Brain Microdialysis Technique to Studies of Drug Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Current Drug Metabolism Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Structure, Function and Interactions of Tau: Particular Focus on Potential Drug Targets for the Treatment of Tauopathies
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Proteasome Inhibitors in Central Nervous System Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Clinical Applications of Non-Antimicrobial Actions of Tetracyclines in Inflammatory Diseases
Current Drug Therapy Annexins as Neuroprotective Agents in the Central Nervous System
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents In Vitro Regulatory Effect of Epididymal Serpin CRES on Protease Activity of Proprotein Convertase PC4/PCSK4
Current Molecular Medicine Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Updates in the Identification of Human Dopa Decarboxylase Inhibitors
Current Drug Metabolism Prion Diseases: Time for a Therapy ?
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents