Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Maria Antonietta Panaro and Antonia Cianciulli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, microglia, inflammation, immune system, dopamine neurons, cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, Oxidative stress, pesticides
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Antonietta Panaro Maria and Cianciulli Antonia, Current Opinions and Perspectives on the Role of Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040574 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Structure – Function Relationships of Pre-Fibrillar Protein Assemblies in Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders
Current Alzheimer Research Sirtuins: Developing Innovative Treatments for Aged-Related Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Understanding the Potential Role and Delivery Approaches of Nitric Oxide in Chronic Wound Healing Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design Is Amyloid Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase a Drug Target for Treating Alzheimer’s Disease?
Current Alzheimer Research Amendatory Effect of Flavonoids in Alzheimer's Disease Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Current Drug Targets Editorial: In Silico Methodologies Applied to Drug Discovery
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Potential of Photobiomodulation to Induce Differentiation of Adipose- Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neural Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Role of Glucose in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease Revisited:What Does it Tell us About the Therapeutic use of Lithium?
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A Systematic Review on the Sinomenine Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Combining Feature Extraction Methods to Assist the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Cdk5 in the Adult Non-Demented Brain
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Nanotechnology Based Theranostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease Management: Current Status and Future Perspective
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial [Hot Topic: Functions and Metabolism of Brain Nucleosides and their Metabolites (Guest Editors: Zsolt Kovacs & Arpad Dobolyi)]
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Role of Trisomy 21 Mosaicism in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disorders: A New Perspective on the Role of Lipid Rafts in Gp120-Mediated Neurotoxicity
Current HIV Research Neurodegenerative Disease: A Perspective on Cell-Based Therapy in the New Era of Cell-Free Nano-Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanotechnology and Alzheimer's Disease: What has been Done and What to Do'
Current Medicinal Chemistry GPCR Drug Discovery: Novel Ligands for CNS Receptors
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Pharmacological Modulation of the State of Awareness in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design Quantitative and Mechanistic Studies of Aβ Immunotherapy
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets