Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles

Art      Kruithof; Eelco      Ruijter; Romano      V.A. Orru

doi:10.2174/138527211793979817

Abstract

Multicomponent reactions are valuable tools for the generation of diverse heterocycles. As in many fields or organic chemistry, microwave irradiation is rapidly replacing conventional heating methods in multicomponent chemistry. In this review, we present an overview of recent applications of the use of microwaves in multicomponent heterocycle synthesis. Where possible, the yield and chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity of microwave-assisted reactions are compared with those using conventional heating.

Keywords: Combinatorial Chemistry, Heterocycles, Microwaves, Multicomponent reactions, One-Pot Reactions, Organic Synthesis, Reaction Efficiency, organic chemis-try,, microwave irradiation, multicomponent chemistry, stereoselectivity, microwave-assisted reactions, ideal synthesis, high scaffold di-versity, Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis, dipolar po-larization, ionic conduction, oscillating electric field, dielectric loss, molecular friction, Microwave-assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of Hetero-cycles, complex (poly)cyclic systems, Multiple ring systems, Pyridines, NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES, isocyanides, imines, enamines, Imidazoles, Montmorillonite, imidazo-pyridines 2, regioisomers, exocyclic amine, mass spectrometry and TLC experiments, Pyrroles, phenylpyruvic acids, Nucleophilic substitution, Mannich reaction, aza-Michael reaction, 5-exo Michael cyclization, spiro-fused pyr-rolidine, thiofurfural, Diels-Alder product, malonitrile, chalcones, Knoevenagel con-densation, tautomerization, Lewis acid, Knoevenagel product, indole-pyridine derivatives, Fused Pyridines, 4-azafluorenone, cyclocondensation, arylidenemalononitrile, pyruvic esters, tetronic acid, barbituric acids, tricyclic pyrazoloqui-noline, Acyclic diketones, Meldrum's acid, isophtha-laldehyde, Spiro-pyridines, quinolinones, diastereoselective reaction, steric hindrance, plausible mechanism, Pyrimidines, Biginelli reaction, Biginelli product, zirconia nanopowder, lanthanum chloride, etidronic acid, zirconium dichloride, Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling, aromatic aldehydes, urea, Pyrazines and Triazines, Ugi reac-tion, Boc-protected -amino acids, in vacuo, Fmoc protecting group, Diazepines, 7-exo aza-Michael cyclization, UDC (Ugi/Deprotect/Cyclize), benzodiazepines, spiropiperidines, pyrano quinolines, enyne cross metathesis, Grubbs' catalyst, enaminones, Beller's synthesis, phenacyl chloride, aziridines, selective Mannich-type reaction, Regioselectivity, Wolff rearrangement, Gewald reaction, benzimidazolyl/triazolyl, mercapto acids, chemoselective multicomponent reaction towards, Friedel-Crafts-type reaction