Resveratrol: A Multifunctional Cytoprotective Molecule

Bela      Juhasz; Balazs      Varga; Rudolf      Gesztelyi; Adam      Kemeny-Beke; Judit      Zsuga; Arpad      Tosaki

doi:10.2174/138920110793262079

Abstract

Several recent studies have shown the protective effects of resveratrol in various experimental conditions and pathological animal models. Clinical studies also indicate the beneficial effects of resveratrol in different human diseases. Resveratrol produces a cascade against of events from the initial death-provoking signal, DNA fragmentation, and cell death. Researchers recognized the beneficial effect of resveratrol, as an important component, of the overall injury that occurs in various disorders such as oxidative stress, myocardial injury, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity, and antihypercholesterolemic effects. Many mechanisms have been proposed for the initiation of protective effects of resveratrol in various pathological events, and considerable evidence exists to indicate that many mediators are involved in the resveratrol- induced protection. The present review focuses on the history, and the beneficial effects and mechanisms of resveratrol in oxidative stress, myocardial injury, anticancer-, antidiabetic- and antihypercholesterolemic activities, and discusses those therapeutic tools, which warrant becoming clinically important. s

Keywords: Resveratrol, death-provoking signal, DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, myocardial injury, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity, antihypercholesterolemic effects, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative syndromes, eucalyptus, spruce, mulberries, Polygonum cuspidatum, Vitis vinifera, Rheum rhaponticum, phytoalexin, quercetin, catechins, gallocatechins, procyanidins, French paradox, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Preconditioning (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NO synthase (iNOS), aminoguanine (AG), protoporphyrin, antioxidant response element (ARE), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phorbol ester (PMA), estrogen receptor (ER), hypoxia-inducible-factor 1 (HIF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), antiapoptotic kinase, multiple myeloma (MM), spinal cord ischemia, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), subarachnoid hemorrhage, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neuromodulators, ischemia/reperfusion, tissue glutathione, Acute renal failure (ARF), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), tissue factor (TF), chemiluminescence, streptozotocin (STZ), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), intracerebroventricular, hyperinsulinemia, antiproliferative, antihypertrophic, acethylcholinesterase, Hyperlipidemia, endotelin-1 (ET-1), nitricoxide (NO), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), anti-apoptotic effects