Current Bioactive Azole-Containing Natural Products

Gianfranco      Fontana

doi:10.2174/157340710793237290

Abstract

The aim of the present review is to portray a concise account of the isolation, chemistry and bioactivity of azoles-containing natural products discovered during the last few years with a special emphasis on those compounds with a new structural motif. The material will be classified on a structural basis starting from simple monocycle-containing open chain molecules to the complex polyazole-containing, medium- and large-sized macrolides. Details on the isolation procedures and on the biological targets and activities will be given. Molecules in which azoles are present as part of standard amino-acids and nucleobases will not be considered.

Keywords: Alkaloids, azoles, bioactivity, isolation, natural products, structural determination, azole containing alkaloids, Cruciferous, OXAZOLE ALKALOIDS, Neopeltolide, NCI-ADR-RES human ovarian sarcoma, P388 murine leukemia cell lines, EtOAc, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Thiazole-containing Macrolides, Cystobacter violaceus, Sorangium cellulosum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prochloron, Microcystis aeruginosa, HR-NMR, Marfey's method, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Amycolatopsis fastidiosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Oscillatoria, Actinoplanes philippinensis, 1D TOCSY, HRESIFT-MS/MS, Didemnum molle, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania domovani, Pyrrole Alkaloids, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, bisdehydrostemoninine, Halogenated Pyrrole Alkaloids, Axinella vaceleti, Stylissa caribica, Stylissa flabellate, Axinella verrucosa, Axinella damicornis, carteramine A, Stylissa carteri, Indole Alkaloids, Eunicella granulate, camelaxin, Leptosphaeria maculans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Brassica rapa, Albugo candida, phytoalexins, Aspergillus Variecolor, Cephalanceropsis gracilis, Nauclea officinalis, 18-oxotryprostatin A, 14-hydroxyterezine D, monomarginine, 9-deacetoxyfumigaclavine C, bisnicalaterine A, ELISA, Eusynstyela latericius, nNOS, PPDK, Isonitrile-Indole Alkaloids, Azadirachta indica, Hapalindole T, 12-epi-Hapalindole J isonitrile, ambiguine H isonitrile, ambiguine I isonitrile, ambiguines K, –, O, b-Carbolines, Nodularia harveyana, brunnein A, Eudistomin Y6, zamamidines A, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Tabernaemontana elegans, CARBAZOLE ALKALOIDS, murrafoline-I, PYRROLOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS, Plakinidine A, plakinidine E, naamidines H, Bistellettazole A