Abstract
Brain signaling is a crucial event for the body to mount an appropriate response to invading microorganisms. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released from infected tissues and reach key structures in the brain via the circumventricular organs, areas of damaged blood brain barrier or they cross actively the blood brain barrier using specific carriers. Alternately, cytokines may activate brain endothelial cells or microglial to produce prostaglandins which then diffuse into the brain to activate neurons. Finally, cytokines may activate the autonomic nervous system at the periphery. The following crosstalk between astrocytes and microglial precedes neuronal activation particularly within the hippocampus, amygdale and hypothalamus. The resulting release of neuro-hormones in the systemic circulation allows restoration of homeostasis. It is likely that an excess in nitric oxide and complement anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to DNA damage within neurons of the hippocampus and hypothalamus and subsequent brain dysfunction.
Keywords: Sepsis, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nitric oxide, complement, prostaglandins, apoptosis
Current Neuropharmacology
Title: Mechanisms of Brain Signaling During Sepsis
Volume: 7 Issue: 4
Author(s): Najla Akrout, Tarek Sharshar and Djillali Annane
Affiliation:
Keywords: Sepsis, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nitric oxide, complement, prostaglandins, apoptosis
Abstract: Brain signaling is a crucial event for the body to mount an appropriate response to invading microorganisms. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released from infected tissues and reach key structures in the brain via the circumventricular organs, areas of damaged blood brain barrier or they cross actively the blood brain barrier using specific carriers. Alternately, cytokines may activate brain endothelial cells or microglial to produce prostaglandins which then diffuse into the brain to activate neurons. Finally, cytokines may activate the autonomic nervous system at the periphery. The following crosstalk between astrocytes and microglial precedes neuronal activation particularly within the hippocampus, amygdale and hypothalamus. The resulting release of neuro-hormones in the systemic circulation allows restoration of homeostasis. It is likely that an excess in nitric oxide and complement anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to DNA damage within neurons of the hippocampus and hypothalamus and subsequent brain dysfunction.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Akrout Najla, Sharshar Tarek and Annane Djillali, Mechanisms of Brain Signaling During Sepsis, Current Neuropharmacology 2009; 7 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909790031175
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909790031175 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
- Forthcoming Thematic Issues
Related Articles
-
Dual Acting Antihistaminergic Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Memantine: Its Role in Vascular Dementia
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Pathological Role for Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Astrocytes in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Current Neuropharmacology The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Minocycline in Alzheimer´s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Depression
Current Pharmaceutical Design Matrine: Bioactivities and Structural Modifications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Deep Belief Networks and Pathological Knowledge
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Synthetic Cathinones: A New Public Health Problem
Current Neuropharmacology Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Novel Therapy in Gastrointestinal Tract
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Resveratrol in Modulating microRNAs in Human Diseases: From Cancer to Inflammatory Disorder
Current Medicinal Chemistry Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Proneurogenic Effects of Aβ Oligomers and HMGB-1 via Activation of the RAGE-NF-κB Axis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Elaboration of New Anti-Inflammatory Agents Using Pharmacophore Based 3D QSAR of 4, 5-Diaryl Imidazoline as P2X7 Receptor Antagonists
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Genetic Variations in CHRNA7 or CHRFAM7 and Susceptibility to Dementia
Current Drug Targets Trophoblast Invasion: A Possible Link Between Implantation Deficiencies and Preeclampsia
Current Women`s Health Reviews The Potential Therapeutic Role of the HMGB1-TLR Pathway in Epilepsy
Current Drug Targets Melatonin Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center: Leveraging Academic Innovation to Advance Novel Targets through HTS and Beyond
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bioavailability of Quercetin: Problems and Promises
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Platelets in Athero-Thrombotic Events
Current Pharmaceutical Design