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Current Hypertension Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4021
ISSN (Online): 1875-6506

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Endothelial Dysfunction

Author(s): Zhong-Jian Cheng, Xiaofeng Yang and Hong Wang

Volume 5, Issue 2, 2009

Page: [158 - 165] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/157340209788166940

Price: $65

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Abstract

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is the earliest indicator of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. We and others have shown that HHcy induced ED in human and in animal models of HHcy induced by either high-methionine load or genetic deficiency. Six mechanisms have been suggested explaining HHcy-induced ED. These include 1) nitric oxide inhibition, 2) prostanoids regulation, 3) endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors suppression, 4) angiotensin II receptor-1 activation, 5) endothelin-1 induction, and 6) oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to elaborate these mechanisms and to discuss biological and molecular events related to HHcy-induced ED.

Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinemia, endothelial dysfunction, vascular relaxation/vascular contractile responses


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