Reversing Breast Cancer Stem Cell into Breast Somatic Stem Cell

L.      Wijaya; D.      Agustina; A.      O. Lizandi; M.      M. Kartawinata; F.      Sandra

doi:10.2174/138920111794295819

Abstract

Stem cells have an important role in cell biology, allowing tissues to be renewed by freshly created cells throughout their lifetime. The specific micro-environment of stem cells is called stem cell niche; this environment influences the development of stem cells from quiescence through stages of differentiation. Recent advance researches have improved the understanding of the cellular and molecular components of the micro-environment - or niche - that regulates stem cells. We point out an important trend to the study of niche activity in breast cancers. Breast cancer has long been known to conserve a heterogeneous population of cells. While the majority of cells that make up tumors are destined to differentiate and eventually stop dividing, only minority populations of cells, termed cancer stem cell, possess extensive self renewal capability. These cancer stem cells possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells. Breast cancer stem cells reversal to breast somatic stem cells offer a new therapy, that not only can stop the spread of breast cancer cells, but also can differentiate breast cancer stem cells into normal breast somatic stem cells. These can replace damaged breast tissue. Nevertheless, the complexity of realizing this therapy approach needs further research.

Keywords: Breast somatic stem cell, breast cancer stem cell, stem cell niche, differentiation therapy, cancer stem cells, phenotype, apoptosi, alveoli, morphogenic capacity, lobulo-alveolar structure, ductal epithelial cells, embryonic stem cells, tumorigenic capacity, carcinogenesis, non-obese diabetic, immunodeficiency disease, Somatic Stem Cells (SSCs), embryogene-sis, organogenesis, multidrug resistance, ATP Binding Cassette, chemotherapy, homeostasis, extra cellular matrix, Breast Somatic Progenitor Cells (BSPCs), Transforming Growth Factor, metalloproteinase, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, angiogenesis, Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1, chemokine receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Proteomic analysis, Catenin, Secreted frizzled-related, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, ductal dysplasia, hyperplasia, immunotherapy, blastocyst, sarcomas, leukemia, zebrafish-embryo protein extracts, pluripotent cells