Abstract
Ischemic brain injury is implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke and brain trauma, which are among the top killers worldwide, and intensive studies have been performed to reduce neural cell death after cerebral ischemia. Alpha 2- adrenergic agonists have been shown to improve the histomorphological and neurological outcome after cerebral ischemic injury when administered during ischemia, and recent studies have provided considerable evidence that alpha 2-adrenergic agonists can protect the brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, alpha 2-adrenergic agonists are promising potential drugs in preventing cerebral ischemic injury, but the mechanisms by which alpha 2-adrenergic agonists exert their neuroprotective effect are unclear. Activation of both the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor may be involved. This mini review examines the recent progress in alpha 2-adrenergic agonists - induced neuroprotection and its proposed mechanisms in cerebral ischemic injury.
Keywords: alpha -adrenergic agonist, adrenoceptor, imidazoline receptor, cerebral ischemia, neuroprotection, excitatory amino acids, sympathoinhibition, stroke
Current Neuropharmacology
Title: Neuroprotection by Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonists in Cerebral Ischemia
Volume: 3 Issue: 4
Author(s): Y. Zhang and H. K. Kimelberg
Affiliation:
Keywords: alpha -adrenergic agonist, adrenoceptor, imidazoline receptor, cerebral ischemia, neuroprotection, excitatory amino acids, sympathoinhibition, stroke
Abstract: Ischemic brain injury is implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke and brain trauma, which are among the top killers worldwide, and intensive studies have been performed to reduce neural cell death after cerebral ischemia. Alpha 2- adrenergic agonists have been shown to improve the histomorphological and neurological outcome after cerebral ischemic injury when administered during ischemia, and recent studies have provided considerable evidence that alpha 2-adrenergic agonists can protect the brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, alpha 2-adrenergic agonists are promising potential drugs in preventing cerebral ischemic injury, but the mechanisms by which alpha 2-adrenergic agonists exert their neuroprotective effect are unclear. Activation of both the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor may be involved. This mini review examines the recent progress in alpha 2-adrenergic agonists - induced neuroprotection and its proposed mechanisms in cerebral ischemic injury.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zhang Y. and Kimelberg K. H., Neuroprotection by Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonists in Cerebral Ischemia, Current Neuropharmacology 2005; 3 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015905774322534
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015905774322534 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
- Forthcoming Thematic Issues
Related Articles
-
Cross-Talk Between TGF-β and NADPH Oxidases During Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Oxygen Sensing, Cardiac Ischemia, HIF-1α and Some Emerging Concepts
Current Cardiology Reviews Insulin Resistance and Postprandial Hyperglycemia the Bad Companions in Natural History of Diabetes: Effects on Health of Vascular Tree
Current Diabetes Reviews Apoptosis in Sepsis: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Experimental and Clinical Application of Plasmid DNA in the Field of Central Nervous Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Discovery of Lansoprazole and its Unique Pharmacological Properties Independent from Anti-secretory Activity
Current Pharmaceutical Design α2-Antiplasmin on Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biological Therapies: Effects of Proinflammatory Pathways and their Inhibition on the Myocardium of Rheumatoid Athritis Patients
Current Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Applications of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron): A Review
The Natural Products Journal Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Children Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Present and the Future
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Potential Role of Statins in Pneumonia
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Gene Therapy in Kidney Transplantation: Evidence of Efficacy and Future Directions
Current Gene Therapy Roles of SUMOylation in Heart Development and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Utilizing Delta Opioid Receptors and Peptides for Cytoprotection: Implications in Stroke and Other Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Netrin-1 Beyond the Brain: From Biomarker of Tissue Injury to Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Urocortins: Putative Role in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Cysteine Network (CYSTEINET) Dysregulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Role of N-acetylcysteine
Current Drug Metabolism Nanotherapeutics in Neuropathologies: Obstacles, Challenges and Recent Advancements in CNS Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Current Neuropharmacology The Promise of Plant-Derived Substances as Inhibitors of Arginase
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry