Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract are entry points for a variety of pathogens and they serve as the first line of defense against infection. To prevent transmission of mucosal pathogens, it is often necessary to target the vaccine to the mucosal surface. Viral vectors, such as poxviruses expressing gene inserts, capable of overcoming the formidable array of host defenses at the mucosal surfaces, are an attractive vaccination strategy for mucosal immunization against infectious diseases. Replication-competent vectors, such as vaccinia, are highly effective, but have a number of safety concerns that may limit their widespread use in humans. In contrast, replication-deficient vectors, such as modified vaccinia ankara (MVA), ALVAC, and NYVAC, may be safer vectors than live vectors, but these vectors may not be as effective at inducing immune responses. Co-delivery of viral vectors with genetic adjuvants (cytokines) or deletion of certain immunomodulatory genomic sequences from these viral vectors may increase vaccine efficiency and are promising strategies for a new generation of mucosal vaccines.
Keywords: Poxviruses, mucosal vaccines, viral vectors, replication-competent, replication-deficient
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Replication-Competent Versus Replication-Deficient Poxviruses
Volume: 13 Issue: 19
Author(s): Lukena U. Karkhanis and Ted M. Ross
Affiliation:
Keywords: Poxviruses, mucosal vaccines, viral vectors, replication-competent, replication-deficient
Abstract: The mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract are entry points for a variety of pathogens and they serve as the first line of defense against infection. To prevent transmission of mucosal pathogens, it is often necessary to target the vaccine to the mucosal surface. Viral vectors, such as poxviruses expressing gene inserts, capable of overcoming the formidable array of host defenses at the mucosal surfaces, are an attractive vaccination strategy for mucosal immunization against infectious diseases. Replication-competent vectors, such as vaccinia, are highly effective, but have a number of safety concerns that may limit their widespread use in humans. In contrast, replication-deficient vectors, such as modified vaccinia ankara (MVA), ALVAC, and NYVAC, may be safer vectors than live vectors, but these vectors may not be as effective at inducing immune responses. Co-delivery of viral vectors with genetic adjuvants (cytokines) or deletion of certain immunomodulatory genomic sequences from these viral vectors may increase vaccine efficiency and are promising strategies for a new generation of mucosal vaccines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lukena U. Karkhanis and Ted M. Ross , Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Replication-Competent Versus Replication-Deficient Poxviruses, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007; 13 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781039832
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781039832 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Influence of Thyroid Hormone on Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling Pathways During Embryonal Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Current Antioxidant Molecular Therapies for Oxidative Stress-Related Ailments
Current Gene Therapy Telomeres and Thyroid Cancer
Current Genomics Pharmacological Applications of Antioxidants: Lights and Shadows
Current Drug Targets Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Infections and Inflammatory Diseases
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics for Alzheimers Prevention and Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors in Oncology
Current Proteomics Combinational Approaches Targeting Neurodegeneration, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Drug Targets Statin Therapy and New-onset Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting of Leukemia-Initiating Cells to Develop Curative Drug Therapies: Straightforward but Nontrivial Concept
Current Cancer Drug Targets Models in Research of Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy: Present and Future in Development of Antiepileptic Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Glycosphingolipid Structure and Function in Membranes
Current Organic Chemistry Dengue: Recent Advances in Biology and Current Status of Translational Research
Current Molecular Medicine Skin as a Novel Route for Allergen-specific Immunotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Potential Value of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Prefrontal Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dendritic Cells and Immunomodulation: Role in Health and Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Expansion or Depletion of T Follicular Helper Cells During HIV Infection: Consequences for B cell Responses
Current HIV Research Advances in the Management of Brain Tumors in Infants
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Exfoliated Epithelial Cells: A Non-Invasive way to Evaluate the Physiological State of Gastrointestinal Epithelium
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Current Perspectives of Healthy Mitochondrial Function for Healthy Neurons
Current Drug Targets