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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Review Article

An Overview of Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Author(s): Aseem Setia, Jasween Bhatia and Sankha Bhattacharya*

Volume 21, Issue 9, 2022

Published on: 31 March, 2022

Page: [774 - 794] Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211125101424

Price: $65

Abstract

Acute Flaccid Myelitis is defined by the presence of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) and a spinal cord lesion on magnetic resonance imaging that is primarily limited to the grey matter. AFM is a difficult situation to deal with when you have a neurologic illness. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a large number of cases were discovered in the United States in 2014, with 90% of cases occurring in children. Although the exact cause of AFM is unknown, mounting evidence suggests a link between AFM and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). In 2014, an outbreak of AFM was discovered in the United States. The condition was initially linked to polioviruses; however, it was later found that the viruses were caused by non-polioviruses Enteroviruses D-68 (EV-D68). The number of cases has increased since 2014, and the disease has been declared pandemic in the United States. The sudden onset of muscle weakness, usually in an arm or leg, as well as pain throughout the body, the change in patient's facial expression (facial weakness), and shortness of breath, ingesting, and speaking are all common symptoms in patients suffering from neurologic disease. This article includes graphic and histogram representations of reported AFM incidents and criteria for causality, epidemiology, various diagnostic approaches, signs and symptoms, and various investigational guidelines. It also includes key statements about recent clinical findings related to AFM disease.

Keywords: Neurological disease, grey matter, enteroviruses d-68, acute flaccid paralysis, epidemiology, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Graphical Abstract

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