Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Cardiology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; is it Still Relevant?

Author(s): Chima K.P. Ofoegbu* and Rodgers M. Manganyi

Volume 18, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 06 December, 2021

Article ID: e271021197431 Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X17666211027141043

Price: $65

Abstract

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) experienced a resurgence in the 1980s -2000s and developed steadily with improvement of the instrumentation and techniques. However questions about graft patency and long-term survival of OPCAB patients still exist. This review attempts to explore the current relevance of OPCAB.

Keywords: CABG, cardiac surgery, OPCAB, coronary artery disease, optimal medical therapy, myocardial revascularization.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388(10053): 1459-544.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1] [PMID: 27733281]
[2]
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396(10258): 1204-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9] [PMID: 33069326]
[3]
Khan MA, Hashim MJ, Mustafa H, et al. Global epidemiology of ischemic heart disease: results from the global burden of disease study. Cureus 2020; 12(7): e9349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9349] [PMID: 32742886]
[4]
Nojilana B, Bradshaw D, Pillay-van Wyk V, et al. Emerging trends in non-communicable disease mortality in South Africa, 1997 - 2010. S Afr Med J 2016; 106(5): 58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i5.10674] [PMID: 27138667]
[5]
Msemburi W P-vWV, Dorrington RE, Neethling I, et al. Second national burden of disease study for South Africa: vi Cause-of-death profile for South Africa, 1997–2010. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-920618-34-6. Available: http://www.mrc.ac.za/bod/SouthAfrica2010.pdf
[6]
Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2019; 40(2): 87-165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394] [PMID: 30165437]
[7]
Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the coronary artery bypass graft surgery trialists collaboration. Lancet 1994; 344(8922): 563-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91963-1] [PMID: 7914958]
[8]
Ascione R, Angelini GD. OPCAB surgery: a voyage of discovery back to the future. Off-pump coronary artery bypass. Eur Heart J 2003; 24(2): 121-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00698-X] [PMID: 12573265]
[9]
Lee JH, Capdeville M, Marsh D, Abdelhady K, Poostizadeh A, Murrell H. Earlier recovery with beating-heart surgery: a comparison of 300 patients undergoing conventional versus off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002; 16(2): 139-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jcan.2002.31053] [PMID: 11957160]
[10]
Magee MJ, Jablonski KA, Stamou SC, et al. Elimination of cardiopulmonary bypass improves early survival for multivessel coronary artery bypass patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73(4): 1196-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03587-1] [PMID: 11996263]
[11]
Kolesov VI. Late results of a mammary-coronary anastomosis. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 1982; 128(1): 49-53.
[PMID: 7064307]
[12]
Buxton BF, Galvin SD. The history of arterial revascularization: from Kolesov to Tector and beyond. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 2(4): 419-26.
[PMID: 23977617]
[13]
Niranjan G, Asimakopoulos G, Karagounis A, Cockerill G, Thompson M, Chandrasekaran V. Effects of cell saver autologous blood transfusion on blood loss and homologous blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on- versus off-cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomised trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30(2): 271-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.04.042] [PMID: 16829083]
[14]
Varghese D, Yacoub MH, Trimlett R, Amrani M. Outcome of non-elective coronary artery bypass grafting without cardio-pulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 19(3): 245-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(01)00583-8] [PMID: 11251260]
[15]
Kerendi F, Puskas JD, Craver JM, et al. Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed safely without cardiopulmonary bypass in selected patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79(3): 801-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.08.010] [PMID: 15734381]
[16]
Scott BH, Seifert FC, Glass PSA. Does gender influence resource utilization in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17(3): 346-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-0770(03)00048-X] [PMID: 12827584]
[17]
Konety SH, Rosenthal GE, Vaughan-Sarrazin MS. Surgical volume and outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Does it matter? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137(5): 1116-23.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.12.038] [PMID: 19379976]
[18]
Lima RDC, Escobar MAS, Lobo Filho JG, Diniz R, Saraiva A, Césio A. Surgical results of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass: analysis of 3,410 patients. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2003; 18(3).
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-76382003000300011]
[19]
Calafiore AM, Di Mauro M, Contini M, et al. Myocardial revascularization with and without cardiopulmonary bypass in multivessel disease: impact of the strategy on early outcome. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(2): 456-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02810-7] [PMID: 11515882]
[20]
Frankel TL, Stamou SC, Lowery RC, et al. Risk factors for hemorrhage-related reexploration and blood transfusion after conventional versus coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 27(3): 494-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.11.021] [PMID: 15740962]
[21]
Kapetanakis EI, Stamou SC, Dullum MKC, et al. The impact of aortic manipulation on neurologic outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: a risk-adjusted study. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 78(5): 1564-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.05.019] [PMID: 15511432]
[22]
Chamberlain MH, Ascione R, Reeves BC, Angelini GD. Evaluation of the effectiveness of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in high-risk patients: an observational study. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73(6): 1866-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03550-6] [PMID: 12078783]
[23]
Bakaeen FG, Shroyer AL, Gammie JS, Sabik JF, Cornwell LD, Coselli JS, et al. Trends in use of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(3): 856-3. 64 e1; discussion 63-4
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.12.047] [PMID: 25043865]
[24]
Benedetto U, Altman DG, Gerry S, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Insights from the Arterial Revascularization Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155(4): 1545-1553.e7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.135] [PMID: 29366570]
[25]
Kowalewski M, Pawliszak W, Malvindi PG, Bokszanski MP, Perlinski D, Raffa GM. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting improves short-term outcomes in high-risk patients compared with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151(1): 60-77. e1-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.08.042] [PMID: 26433633]
[26]
Emmert MY, Seifert B, Wilhelm M, Grünenfelder J, Falk V, Salzberg SP. Aortic no-touch technique makes the difference in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142(6): 1499-506.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.04.031] [PMID: 21683376]
[27]
Magee MJ, Hebert E, Herbert MA, et al. Fewer grafts performed in off-pump bypass surgery: patient selection or incomplete revascularization? Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87(4): 1113-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.12.088] [PMID: 19324136]
[28]
Sabik JF, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, et al. Does off-pump coronary surgery reduce morbidity and mortality? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 124(4): 698-707.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2002.121975] [PMID: 12324727]
[29]
Hannan EL, Wu C, Smith CR, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: differences in short-term outcomes and in long-term mortality and need for subsequent revascularization. Circulation 2007; 116(10): 1145-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675595] [PMID: 17709642]
[30]
Nakano J, Okabayashi H, Noma H, Sato T, Sakata R. The impact of incomplete revascularization and angiographic patency on midterm results after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147(4): 1225-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.03.026] [PMID: 23587467]
[31]
Omer S, Cornwell LD, Rosengart TK, et al. Completeness of coronary revascularization and survival: Impact of age and off-pump surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(4): 1307-1315.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.12.039] [PMID: 24521971]
[32]
Kleisli T, Cheng W, Jacobs MJ, et al. In the current era, complete revascularization improves survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129(6): 1283-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.12.034] [PMID: 15942568]
[33]
Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, et al. Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med 1986; 314(1): 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198601023140101] [PMID: 3484393]
[34]
Leavitt BJ, O’Connor GT, Olmstead EM, et al. Use of the internal mammary artery graft and in-hospital mortality and other adverse outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 2001; 103(4): 507-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.507] [PMID: 11157714]
[35]
Kouchoukos NT, Wareing TH, Murphy SF, Pelate C, Marshall WG Jr. Risks of bilateral internal mammary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; 49(2): 210-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(90)90140-2] [PMID: 2306142]
[36]
Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Loop FD, et al. Two internal thoracic artery grafts are better than one. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117(5): 855-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70365-X] [PMID: 10220677]
[37]
Sergeant P, de Worm E, Meyns B, Wouters P. The challenge of departmental quality control in the reengineering towards off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20(3): 538-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(01)00852-1] [PMID: 11509276]
[38]
Jones RH. Intraoperative crossover: the well-kept surgical secret to apparent surgical success. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45(9): 1529-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.012] [PMID: 15862429]
[39]
Buxton BF, Raman JS, Ruengsakulrach P, et al. Radial artery patency and clinical outcomes: five-year interim results of a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125(6): 1363-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73241-8] [PMID: 12830056]
[40]
Amano A, Hirose H, Takahashi A, Nagano N. Coronary artery bypass grafting using the radial artery: midterm results in a Japanese institute. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(1): 120-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02706-0] [PMID: 11465164]
[41]
Utley JR, Thomason ME, Wallace DJ, et al. Preoperative correlates of impaired wound healing after saphenous vein excision. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989; 98(1): 147-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(19)34470-8] [PMID: 2786980]
[42]
Erdil N, Nisanoglu V, Eroglu T, Fansa I, Cihan HB, Battaloglu B. Early outcomes of radial artery use in all-arterial grafting of the coronary arteries in patients 65 years and older. Tex Heart Inst J 2010; 37(3): 301-6.
[PMID: 20548806]
[43]
Zhu YY, Hayward PAR, Hadinata IE, et al. Long-term impact of radial artery harvest on forearm function and symptoms: a comparison with leg vein. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145(2): 412-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.052] [PMID: 22364894]
[44]
Martínez-González B, Reyes-Hernández CG, Quiroga-Garza A, et al. Conduits Used in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Review of Morphological Studies. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 23(2): 55-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5761/atcs.ra.16-00178] [PMID: 28202895]
[45]
Hernandez F, Cohn WE, Baribeau YR, et al. In-hospital outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass procedures: a multicenter experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(5): 1528-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03202-7] [PMID: 11722038]
[46]
Puskas JD, Yanagawa B, Taggart DP. Off-pump, multiple arterial grafting with minimal aortic manipulation: Is it for everyone? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151(1): 4-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.116] [PMID: 26699767]
[47]
Deb S, Cohen EA, Singh SK, Une D, Laupacis A, Fremes SE. Radial artery and saphenous vein patency more than 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from RAPS (Radial Artery Patency Study). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60(1): 28-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.037] [PMID: 22742399]
[48]
Tatoulis J. Giant leaps in surgical myocardial revascularisation. Heart Lung Circ 2011; 20(3): 149-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2010.07.011] [PMID: 20869314]
[49]
Houlind K, Fenger-Grøn M, Holme SJ, et al. Graft patency after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery is inferior even with identical heparinization protocols: results from the Danish On-pump versus Off-pump Randomization Study (DOORS). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(5): 1812-1819.e2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.02.024] [PMID: 24613160]
[50]
Puskas JD, Kilgo PD, Kutner M, Pusca SV, Lattouf O, Guyton RA. Off-pump techniques disproportionately benefit women and narrow the gender disparity in outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 2007; 116(11)(Suppl.): I192-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678979] [PMID: 17846303]
[51]
Louagie Y, Jamart J, Broka S, Collard E, Scavée V, Gonzalez M. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a case-matched comparison of hemodynamic outcome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 22(4): 552-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(02)00400-1] [PMID: 12297171]
[52]
Edgerton JR, Dewey TM, Magee MJ, et al. Conversion in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: an analysis of predictors and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76(4): 1138-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00747-1] [PMID: 14530000]
[53]
Hemli JM, Patel NC, Subramanian VA. Increasing surgical experience with off-pump coronary surgery does not mitigate the morbidity of emergency conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. Innovations (Phila) 2012; 7(4): 259-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e31826f0d7a] [PMID: 23123992]
[54]
Jin R, Hiratzka LF, Grunkemeier GL, Krause A, Page US III. Aborted off-pump coronary artery bypass patients have much worse outcomes than on-pump or successful off-pump patients. Circulation 2005; 112(9)(Suppl.): I332-7.
[PMID: 16159842]
[55]
Mukherjee D, Ashrafian H, Kourliouros A, Ahmed K, Darzi A, Athanasiou T. Intra-operative conversion is a cause of masked mortality in off-pump coronary artery bypass: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41(2): 291-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.05.023] [PMID: 21684171]
[56]
Nuttall GA, Erchul DT, Haight TJ, et al. A comparison of bleeding and transfusion in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting via sternotomy with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17(4): 447-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-0770(03)00148-4] [PMID: 12968231]
[57]
Sellke FW, DiMaio JM, Caplan LR, et al. Comparing on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: numerous studies but few conclusions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association council on cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia in collaboration with the interdisciplinary working group on quality of care and outcomes research. Circulation 2005; 111(21): 2858-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165030] [PMID: 15927994]
[58]
Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Djaiani G, et al. Off-pump coronary artery surgery for reducing mortality and morbidity: meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46(5): 872-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.064] [PMID: 16139139]
[59]
Polomsky M, He X, O’Brien SM, Puskas JD. Outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Impact of preoperative risk. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145(5): 1193-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.02.002] [PMID: 23597624]
[60]
Kobayashi J, Tashiro T, Ochi M, et al. Early outcome of a randomized comparison of off-pump and on-pump multiple arterial coronary revascularization. Circulation 2005; 112(9)(Suppl.): I338-43.
[PMID: 16159843]
[61]
Vivacqua A, Koch CG, Yousuf AM, et al. Morbidity of bleeding after cardiac surgery: is it blood transfusion, reoperation for bleeding, or both? Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91(6): 1780-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.03.105] [PMID: 21619974]
[62]
Casati V, Gerli C, Franco A, et al. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during coronary surgery: on-pump versus off-pump techniques. Anesthesiology 2001; 95(5): 1103-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200111000-00013] [PMID: 11684978]
[63]
Lamy A, Devereaux PJ, Prabhakaran D, et al. Off-pump or on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 30 days. N Engl J Med 2012; 366(16): 1489-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1200388] [PMID: 22449296]
[64]
Creswell LL. Postoperative atrial arrhythmias: risk factors and associated adverse outcomes. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 11(4): 303-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1043-0679(99)70073-0] [PMID: 10535369]
[65]
Almassi GH, Schowalter T, Nicolosi AC, et al. Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a major morbid event? Ann Surg 1997; 226(4): 501-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199710000-00011] [PMID: 9351718]
[66]
Kowey PR, Dalessandro DA, Herbertson R, et al. Effectiveness of digitalis with or without acebutolol in preventing atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery surgery. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79(8): 1114-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00059-3] [PMID: 9114777]
[67]
Puskas JD, Edwards FH, Pappas PA, et al. Off-pump techniques benefit men and women and narrow the disparity in mortality after coronary bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84(5): 1447-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.06.104] [PMID: 17954045]
[68]
Athanasiou T, Aziz O, Mangoush O, et al. Does off-pump coronary artery bypass reduce the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation? A question revisited. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 26(4): 701-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.05.053] [PMID: 15450560]
[69]
Roach GW, Kanchuger M, Mangano CM, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(25): 1857-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199612193352501] [PMID: 8948560]
[70]
Newman MF, Kirchner JL, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(6): 395-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102083440601] [PMID: 11172175]
[71]
Edelman JJ, Yan TD, Bannon PG, Wilson MK, Vallely MP. Coronary artery bypass grafting with and without manipulation of the ascending aorta-a meta-analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2011; 20(5): 318-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.02.003] [PMID: 21511187]
[72]
van Dijk D, Nierich AP, Eefting FD, et al. The Octopus Study: rationale and design of two randomized trials on medical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of bypass surgery on the beating heart. Control Clin Trials 2000; 21(6): 595-609.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0197-2456(00)00103-3] [PMID: 11146152]
[73]
Feng ZZ, Shi J, Zhao XW, Xu ZF. Meta-analysis of on-pump and off-pump coronary arterial revascularization. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87(3): 757-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.042] [PMID: 19231385]
[74]
Lamy A, Devereaux PJ, Prabhakaran D, et al. Effects of off-pump and on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 1 year. N Engl J Med 2013; 368(13): 1179-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301228] [PMID: 23477676]
[75]
Lamy A, Devereaux PJ, Prabhakaran D, et al. Five-year outcomes after off-pump or on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting. N Engl J Med 2016; 375(24): 2359-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1601564] [PMID: 27771985]
[76]
Zamvar V, Williams D, Hall J, et al. Assessment of neurocognitive impairment after off-pump and on-pump techniques for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002; 325(7375): 1268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7375.1268] [PMID: 12458242]
[77]
Afilalo J, Rasti M, Ohayon SM, Shimony A, Eisenberg MJ. Off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2012; 33(10): 1257-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr307] [PMID: 21987177]
[78]
Kuss O, von Salviati B, Borgermann J. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score analyses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140(4): 829-35.
[79]
Stroobant N, Van Nooten G, Belleghem Y, Vingerhoets G. Short-term and long-term neurocognitive outcome in on-pump versus off-pump CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 22(4): 559-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(02)00409-8] [PMID: 12297172]
[80]
Lev-Ran O, Braunstein R, Sharony R, et al. No-touch aorta off-pump coronary surgery: the effect on stroke. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129(2): 307-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.06.013] [PMID: 15678040]
[81]
Møller CH, Penninga L, Wetterslev J, Steinbrüchel DA, Gluud C. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for ischaemic heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (3): CD007224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007224.pub2] [PMID: 22419321]
[82]
Misfeld M, Brereton RJ, Sweetman EA, Doig GS. Neurologic complications after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with and without aortic manipulation: meta-analysis of 11,398 cases from 8 studies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142(2): e11-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.11.034] [PMID: 21281950]
[83]
Falk V. Stay off-pump and do not touch the aorta! Eur Heart J 2010; 31(3): 278-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehp527] [PMID: 19965865]
[84]
Halbersma WB, Arrigoni SC, Mecozzi G, et al. Four-year outcome of OPCAB no-touch with total arterial Y-graft: making the best treatment a daily practice. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88(3): 796-801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.104] [PMID: 19699900]
[85]
Kim WS, Lee J, Lee YT, et al. Total arterial revascularization in triple-vessel disease with off-pump and aortic no-touch technique. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86(6): 1861-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.06.025] [PMID: 19021996]
[86]
Navia D, Vrancic M, Vaccarino G, et al. Total arterial off-pump coronary revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in triple-vessel disease: surgical technique and clinical outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86(2): 524-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.069] [PMID: 18640327]
[87]
Tagusari O, Kobayashi J, Bando K, et al. Total arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for revascularization of the total coronary system: clinical outcome and angiographic evaluation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 78(4): 1304-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.094] [PMID: 15464490]
[88]
Douglas JM Jr, Spaniol SE. A multimodal approach to the prevention of postoperative stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Am J Surg 2009; 197(5): 587-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.12.008] [PMID: 19321157]
[89]
Andersson LG, Ekroth R, Bratteby LE, Hallhagen S, Wesslén O. Acute renal failure after coronary surgery-a study of incidence and risk factors in 2009 consecutive patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 41(4): 237-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1013861] [PMID: 8211928]
[90]
Chertow GM, Lazarus JM, Christiansen CL, et al. Preoperative renal risk stratification. Circulation 1997; 95(4): 878-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.95.4.878] [PMID: 9054745]
[91]
Stallwood MI, Grayson AD, Mills K, Scawn ND. Acute renal failure in coronary artery bypass surgery: independent effect of cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77(3): 968-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.063] [PMID: 14992908]
[92]
Zanardo G, Michielon P, Paccagnella A, et al. Acute renal failure in the patient undergoing cardiac operation. Prevalence, mortality rate, and main risk factors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107(6): 1489-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(94)70429-5] [PMID: 8196394]
[93]
Ascione R, Lloyd CT, Underwood MJ, Gomes WJ, Angelini GD. On-pump versus off-pump coronary revascularization: evaluation of renal function. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68(2): 493-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00566-4] [PMID: 10475418]
[94]
Loef BG, Epema AH, Navis G, Ebels T, van Oeveren W, Henning RH. Off-pump coronary revascularization attenuates transient renal damage compared with on-pump coronary revascularization. Chest 2002; 121(4): 1190-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.4.1190] [PMID: 11948052]
[95]
Zhou W, Farrar CA, Abe K, et al. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2000; 105(10): 1363-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI8621] [PMID: 10811844]
[96]
Karkouti K, Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN, et al. Hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass is an independent risk factor for acute renal failure in adult cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129(2): 391-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.06.028] [PMID: 15678051]
[97]
Vassiliades TA Jr, Nielsen JL, Lonquist JL. Hemodynamic collapse during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73(6): 1874-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03592-0] [PMID: 12078784]
[98]
Kastanioti C. Costs, clinical outcomes, and health-related quality of life of off-pump vs. on-pump coronary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2007; 6(1): 54-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2006.04.001] [PMID: 16750426]
[99]
Ascione R, Narayan P, Rogers CA, Lim KHH, Capoun R, Angelini GD. Early and midterm clinical outcome in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76(3): 793-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00664-7] [PMID: 12963202]
[100]
Reeves BC, Ascione R, Caputo M, Angelini GD. Morbidity and mortality following acute conversion from off-pump to on-pump coronary surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29(6): 941-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.03.018] [PMID: 16675245]
[101]
Puskas JD, Williams WH, Mahoney EM, et al. Off-pump vs. conventional coronary artery bypass grafting: early and 1-year graft patency, cost, and quality-of-life outcomes: A randomized trial. JAMA 2004; 291(15): 1841-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.15.1841] [PMID: 15100202]
[102]
Widimsky P, Straka Z, Stros P, et al. One-year coronary bypass graft patency: a randomized comparison between off-pump and on-pump surgery angiographic results of the PRAGUE-4 trial. Circulation 2004; 110(22): 3418-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000148139.79580.36] [PMID: 15557371]
[103]
Khan NE, De Souza A, Mister R, et al. A randomized comparison of off-pump and on-pump multivessel coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(1): 21-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031282] [PMID: 14702424]
[104]
van Dijk D, Nierich AP, Jansen EWL, et al. Early outcome after off-pump versus on-pump coronary bypass surgery: results from a randomized study. Circulation 2001; 104(15): 1761-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hc4001.097036] [PMID: 11591611]
[105]
Angelini GD, Taylor FC, Reeves BC, Ascione R. Early and midterm outcome after off-pump and on-pump surgery in Beating Heart Against Cardioplegic Arrest Studies (BHACAS 1 and 2): a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2002; 359(9313): 1194-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08216-8] [PMID: 11955537]
[106]
Cleveland JC Jr, Shroyer ALW, Chen AY, Peterson E, Grover FL. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting decreases risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(4): 1282-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03006-5] [PMID: 11603449]
[107]
Li Z, Yeo KK, Parker JP, Mahendra G, Young JN, Amsterdam EA. Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery in California, 2003 to 2005. Am Heart J 2008; 156(6): 1095-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.020] [PMID: 19033004]
[108]
Cheng DCBD, Bainbridge D, Martin JE, Novick RJ. Does off-pump coronary artery bypass reduce mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization when compared with conventional coronary artery bypass? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesthesiology 2005; 102(1): 188-203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200501000-00028] [PMID: 15618803]
[109]
Shroyer AL, Hattler B, Wagner TH, et al. Five-Year Outcomes after On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(7): 623-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614341] [PMID: 28813218]
[110]
Takagi H, Umemoto T. Worse long-term survival after off-pump than on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(5): 1820-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.05.034] [PMID: 24946969]
[111]
Zhang B, Zhou J, Li H, Liu Z, Chen A, Zhao Q. Comparison of graft patency between off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97(4): 1335-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.10.045] [PMID: 24406239]
[112]
Takagi H, Watanabe T, Mizuno Y, Kawai N, Umemoto T, Group A. A meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates for survival from observational studies of complete versus incomplete revascularization in patients with multivessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18(5): 679-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivu012] [PMID: 24532310]
[113]
Légaré JF, Buth KJ, Hirsch GM. Conversion to on pump from OPCAB is associated with increased mortality: results from a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 27(2): 296-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.11.009] [PMID: 15691685]
[114]
Mariani MAGY, Gu YJ, Boonstra PW, Grandjean JG, van Oeveren W, Ebels T. Procoagulant activity after off-pump coronary operation: is the current anticoagulation adequate? Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67(5): 1370-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00265-9] [PMID: 10355414]
[115]
Puskas JD, Thourani VH, Marshall JJ, et al. Clinical outcomes, angiographic patency, and resource utilization in 200 consecutive off-pump coronary bypass patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71(5): 1477-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02473-0] [PMID: 11383786]
[116]
Mejía OA, Lisboa LA, Puig LB, Moreira LF, Dallan LA, Jatene FB. On-pump or off-pump? Impact of risk scores in coronary artery bypass surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2012; 27(4): 503-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20120091] [PMID: 23515722]
[117]
Lisboa LA, Mejia OA, Dallan LA. Which patients will benefit more from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147(1): 540-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.07.085] [PMID: 24331914]
[118]
Puskas JD, Thourani VH, Kilgo P, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass disproportionately benefits high-risk patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88(4): 1142-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.135] [PMID: 19766798]
[119]
Lemma MG, Coscioni E, Tritto FP, et al. On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in high-risk patients: operative results of a prospective randomized trial (on-off study). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143(3): 625-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.11.011] [PMID: 22154798]
[120]
Cavallaro P, Itagaki S, Seigerman M, Chikwe J. Operative mortality and stroke after on-pump vs. off-pump surgery in high-risk patients: an analysis of 83,914 coronary bypass operations. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45(1): 159-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezt221] [PMID: 23671201]
[121]
Börgermann J, Hakim K, Renner A, et al. Clampless off-pump versus conventional coronary artery revascularization: a propensity score analysis of 788 patients. Circulation 2012; 126(11)(Suppl. 1): S176-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.084285] [PMID: 22965980]
[122]
Yokoyama T, Baumgartner FJ, Gheissari A, Capouya ER, Panagiotides GP, Declusin RJ. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary bypass in high-risk subgroups. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70(5): 1546-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01922-6] [PMID: 11093485]
[123]
Hattler B, Messenger JC, Shroyer AL, et al. Off-Pump coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with worse arterial and saphenous vein graft patency and less effective revascularization: Results from the Veterans Affairs Randomized On/Off Bypass (ROOBY) trial. Circulation 2012; 125(23): 2827-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069260] [PMID: 22592900]
[124]
Angelini GD, Culliford L, Smith DK, et al. Effects of on- and off-pump coronary artery surgery on graft patency, survival, and health-related quality of life: long-term follow-up of 2 randomized controlled trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137(2): 295-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.046] [PMID: 19185140]
[125]
Vallely MP, Yan TD, Edelman JJB, Hayman M, Brereton RJL, Ross DE. Anaortic, total-arterial, off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: how to do it. Heart Lung Circ 2010; 19(9): 555-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2010.04.078] [PMID: 20447865]
[126]
Harskamp RE, Lopes RD, Baisden CE, de Winter RJ, Alexander JH. Saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass surgery: pathophysiology, management, and future directions. Ann Surg 2013; 257(5): 824-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318288c38d] [PMID: 23574989]
[127]
Ascione R, Williams S, Lloyd CT, Sundaramoorthi T, Pitsis AA, Angelini GD. Reduced postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement after beating-heart coronary operations: a prospective randomized study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121(4): 689-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2001.112823] [PMID: 11279409]
[128]
Kon ZN, Kwon MH, Collins MJ, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass leads to a regional hypercoagulable state not detectable using systemic markers. Innovations (Phila) 2006; 1(5): 232-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.imi.0000242160.21278.b7] [PMID: 19132144]
[129]
Sousa Uva M, Cavaco S, Oliveira AG, et al. Early graft patency after off-pump and on-pump coronary bypass surgery: a prospective randomized study. Eur Heart J 2010; 31(20): 2492-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq210] [PMID: 20595221]
[130]
Momeni M, Carlier C, Baele P, et al. Fibrinogen concentration significantly decreases after on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic point-of-care ROTEM analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27(1): 5-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2012.07.008] [PMID: 22995455]
[131]
Polomsky M, Puskas JD. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting-the current state. Circ J 2012; 76(4): 784-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0111] [PMID: 22451446]
[132]
Chaudhry UA, Harling L, Rao C, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary revascularization: meta-analysis of mid- and long-term outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98(2): 563-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.05.003] [PMID: 24968764]
[133]
Takagi H, Mizuno Y, Niwa M, Goto SN, Umemoto T, Group A. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for repeat revascularization following off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 17(5): 878-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivt316] [PMID: 23876842]
[134]
Ascione R, Lloyd CT, Underwood MJ, Lotto AA, Pitsis AA, Angelini GD. Economic outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a prospective randomized study. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68(6): 2237-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)01123-6] [PMID: 10617009]
[135]
Nathoe HM, van Dijk D, Jansen EWL, et al. A comparison of on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(5): 394-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021775] [PMID: 12556542]
[136]
Puskas JD, Williams WH, Duke PG, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting provides complete revascularization with reduced myocardial injury, transfusion requirements, and length of stay: a prospective randomized comparison of two hundred unselected patients undergoing off-pump versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125(4): 797-808.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2003.324] [PMID: 12698142]
[137]
Diegeler A, Börgermann J, Kappert U, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting in elderly patients. N Engl J Med 2013; 368(13): 1189-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211666] [PMID: 23477657]
[138]
Berry C, Tardif J-C, Bourassa MG. Coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes: part II: recent advances in coronary revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49(6): 643-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.045] [PMID: 17291929]
[139]
Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, et al. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(25): 2375-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211585] [PMID: 23121323]
[140]
Singh A, Schaff HV, Mori Brooks M, et al. On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 49(2): 406-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv170] [PMID: 25968885]
[141]
Benedetto U, Caputo M, Vohra H, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with actively treated diabetes and multivessel coronary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152(5): 1321-1330.e12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.06.038] [PMID: 27496617]
[142]
Raza S, Sabik JF III, Masabni K, Ainkaran P, Lytle BW, Blackstone EH. Surgical revascularization techniques that minimize surgical risk and maximize late survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(4): 1257-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.058] [PMID: 25260269]
[143]
Emmert MY, Salzberg SP, Seifert B, et al. Is off-pump superior to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients with multivessel disease? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40(1): 233-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.11.003] [PMID: 21167727]
[144]
Lapar DJ, Mery CM, Kozower BD, et al. The effect of surgeon volume on mortality for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143(4): 854-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.048] [PMID: 22341421]
[145]
Brown PP, Mack MJ, Simon AW, et al. Comparing clinical outcomes in high-volume and low-volume off-pump coronary bypass operation programs. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(3): S1009-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02937-X] [PMID: 11565717]
[146]
Plomondon ME, Casebeer AW, Schooley LM, et al. Exploring the volume-outcome relationship for off-pump coronary artery bypass graft procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81(2): 547-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.001] [PMID: 16427849]
[147]
Glance LG, Dick AW, Osler TM, Mukamel DB. The relation between surgeon volume and outcome following off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Chest 2005; 128(2): 829-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.2.829] [PMID: 16100175]
[148]
Mack MJ, Pfister A, Bachand D, et al. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with multivessel disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127(1): 167-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.08.032] [PMID: 14752427]
[149]
Taggart DP, Altman DG. Off-pump vs. on-pump CABG: are we any closer to a resolution? Eur Heart J 2012; 33(10): 1181-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr374] [PMID: 22065846]
[150]
Sako EY. Off-pump versus on-pump: State of the ART? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155(4): 1554.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.020] [PMID: 29249495]
[151]
Song HK, Petersen RJ, Sharoni E, Guyton RA, Puskas JD. Safe evolution towards routine off-pump coronary artery bypass: negotiating the learning curve. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 24(6): 947-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(03)00616-X] [PMID: 14643813]
[152]
Murzi M, Caputo M, Aresu G, Duggan S, Angelini GD. Training residents in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a 14-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143(6): 1247-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.09.049] [PMID: 22050988]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
24
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy