Possible Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19 Induced ARDS by Cotinine as an ACE-2 Promoter and AT-1R Blocker

Title:Possible Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19 Induced ARDS by Cotinine as an ACE-2 Promoter and AT-1R Blocker

Volume: 21 Issue: 6

Author(s): Tarun Sharma and Sidharth Mehan*

Affiliation:

• Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab,India

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), rennin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), angiotensin-II, angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT-1R).

Abstract: In these challenging times of the pandemic, as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken over the planet, its complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have the potential to wipe out a large portion of our population. Whereas a serious lack of ventilators, vaccine being months away makes the condition even worse. That's why promising drug therapy is required. One of them is suggested in this article. It is the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) to which the COVID-19 virus binds and upon downregulation of which the pulmonary permeability increases and results in the filling of alveoli by proteinaceous fluids, which finally results in ARDS. ARDS can be assisted by angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT-1R) blocker and ACE-2 upregulator. AT-1R blocker will prevent vasoconstriction, the pro-inflammatory effect seen otherwise upon its activation. ACE-2 upregulation will ensure less formation of angiotensin II, vasodilatory effects due to the formation of angiotensin (1-7), increased breakdown of bradykinin at lung level. Overall, decreased vasoconstriction of vessels supplying lungs and decreased vasodilation of lung tissues will ensure decreased pulmonary permeability and eventually relieve ARDS. It should also be considered that all components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are located in the lung tissues. A drug with the least plasma protein binding is required to ensure its distribution across these lung tissues. Cotinine appears to be a promising candidate for COVID-19- induced ARDS. It acts across the board and acts as both an AT-1R blocker, and ACE-2 upregulator. It also has a weak plasma protein binding that helps to spread through the lung tissues. In this review, we summarized that cotinine, along with COVID-19 virus replication blocker anti-virals, may prove to be a promising therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 induced ARDS.

Cite this article as:

Sharma Tarun and Mehan Sidharth *, Possible Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19 Induced ARDS by Cotinine as an ACE-2 Promoter and AT-1R Blocker, Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 2021; 21 (6) : e170721189261 . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526520666201218153554