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ISSN (Print): 2211-3525
ISSN (Online): 2211-3533

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Does Metformin Satisfy as an Option for Host-Directed Therapy in COVID-19?

Author(s): Pugazhenthan Thangaraju*, Atul Jindal, Sajitha Venkatesan, Meenalotchini P. Gurunthalingam, Nanditha Venkatesan and Eswaran Thangaraju

Volume 19, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 06 October, 2020

Article ID: e270522186648 Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2211352518999201006113913

Abstract

Metformin is a dimethyl biguanide known for its anti-hyperglycemic effects since 1922 and, thus, has been used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Apart from this, its function as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic, and anti-microbial agent has also been studied largely. Its effect via inhibition of respiratory complex 1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) in the mitochondria and inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and activation of Adenosine Mono Phosphate dependent kinase (AMPK) in the cytoplasm are its already known mechanisms of action. With the newer proposed effects on endosome/ lysosome regulation via Na+/H+ exchangers and V-ATPase, thereby affecting autophagy, coupled with its use in ARDS owing to its immunomodulatory effects and anti-viral action, the use of metformin against the novel Coronavirus is hypothesized.

Keywords: Host, directed, therapies, metformin, COVID-19, hypothesized.

Graphical Abstract

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