Abstract
Background: On 11th March 2020, WHO announced novel coronavirus infectious (COVID-19) as a pandemic. New Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) that emerge on 31st December 2019 from China and quickly became a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In the absence of evidence-based proven prophylactic or therapeutic options, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) patented as first line choice in COVID- 19 treatment, which raised concerns about drug poisoning, especially ocular toxicity.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the possibility of ocular toxicity and the need for ophthalmic counseling to prescribing this therapeutic protocol. Methods: All the articles that were most relevant to the COVID-19 therapeutic or prophylactic options and CQ derivative ocular toxicity, were founded by a literature search and were thoroughly reviewed. Results: Anecdotal recent reports introduce CQ/HCQ as an effective therapeutic or prophylactic choice for COVID-19. Because of the short time prescribe and the insignificant cumulative dose of the drug on the one hand and a higher risk of cross-infection during an ophthalmic examination, on the other hand, an ophthalmologic consult is not recommended except in highrisk patients for retinal toxicity. Conclusion: This study recommended ophthalmic evaluation before CQ/HCQ prescription for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19 only in preexisting maculopathy.Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID19, pandemic, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ophthalmology.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w] [PMID: 32133578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9] [PMID: 31986257]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020523] [PMID: 32075152]
[PMID: 32145363]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007] [PMID: 32346491]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117477] [PMID: 32119961]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787] [PMID: 32251768]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938] [PMID: 32171740]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872612471215] [PMID: 24062937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2016.298]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-006-0218-1] [PMID: 16575495]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.35.4.569] [PMID: 8175002]
[PMID: 102610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20133] [PMID: 20535788]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.058] [PMID: 26992838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1766084] [PMID: 32634041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00469.x] [PMID: 17542834]