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Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

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Review Article

Enterovirus D-68 Molecular Virology, Epidemiology, and Treatment: an Update and Way Forward

Author(s): Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada*, Notila Fayed, Souad Alkanj and Ahmed Wadaa Allah

Volume 21, Issue 3, 2021

Published on: 15 July, 2020

Page: [320 - 327] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200715101230

Price: $65

Abstract

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, and it is one of the family members of Picornaviridae. Except for EV-D68, the entire family Picornaviridae has been illustrated in literature. EV-D68 was first discovered and isolated in California, USA, in 1962. EV-D68 has resulted in respiratory disorders’ outbreaks among children worldwide, and it has been detected in cases of various neurological diseases such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). A recent study documented a higher number of EV-D68 cases associated with AFM in Europe in 2016 compared to the 2014 outbreak. EV-D68 is mainly diagnosed by quantitative PCR, and there is an affirmative strategy for EV-D68 detection by using pan-EV PCR on the untranslated region and/or the VP1 or VP2, followed by sequencing of the PCR products. Serological tests are limited due to cross-reactivity of the antigens between the different serotypes. Many antiviral drugs for EV-D68 have been evaluated and showed promising results. In our review, we discuss the current knowledge about EV-D68 and its role in the development of AFM.

Keywords: Acute flaccid myelitis, enteroviruses, eV-D68, epidemic, public health, molecular virology.

Graphical Abstract

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