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Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

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Review Article

Plant Phenolics as Pathogen-Carrier Immunogenicity Modulator Haptens

Author(s): Castillo-Maldonado Irais, Sevilla-González María-de-la-Luz, Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy, Ramírez-Moreno Agustina, Cabral-Hipólito Nidia, Rivera-Guillén Mario-Alberto, Serrano-Gallardo Luis-Benjamín*, Vega-Menchaca María-del-Carmen and Pedroza-Escobar David*

Volume 21, Issue 10, 2020

Page: [897 - 905] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200121130313

open access plus

Abstract

Background: Pathogens use multiple mechanisms to disrupt cell functioning in their host and allow pathogenesis. These mechanisms involve communication between the pathogen and the host cell through protein-protein interactions.

Methods: Protein-protein interactions chains referred to as signal transduction pathways are the processes by which a chemical or physical signal transmits through a cell as series of molecular events so the pathogen needs to intercept these molecular pathways at few positions to induce pathogenesis such as pathogen viability, infection or hypersensitivity.

Results: The pathogen nodes of interception are not necessarily the most immunogenic; so that novel immunogenicity-improvement strategies need to be developed thought a chemical conjugation of the pathogen-carrier nodes to develop an efficient immune response in order to block pathogenesis. On the other hand, if pathogen-carriers are immunogens; toleration ought to be induced by this conjugation avoiding hypersensitivity. Thus, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of plant-phenolics as pathogen-carrier immunogenicity modulator haptens.

Conclusion: The plant-phenolic compounds have in their structure functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, ester, or ether, capable of reacting with the amino or carbonyl groups of the amino acids of a pathogen-carrier to form conjugates. Besides, the varied carbon structures these phenolic compounds have; it is possible to alter the pathogen-carrier related factors that determine the immunogenicity: 1) Structural complexity, 2) Molecular size, 3) Structural heterogeneity, 4) Accessibility to antigenic determinants or epitopes, 5) Optical configuration, 6) Physical state, or 7) Molecular rigidity.

Keywords: Plant phenolics, pathogen-carrier, immunogenicity, haptens, immunogen, toleragen.

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