Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
Keywords: Chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Dementia, Cardiovascular disease, Metabolic syndrome, Suicidal behavior, Mood disorders, micro-RNAs.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1] [PMID: 10863370]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150319] [PMID: 26313020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12538] [PMID: 30328616]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070647] [PMID: 31252530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00011-015-0824-y] [PMID: 25948157]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-10-20] [PMID: 23680172]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013] [PMID: 30705520]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.7] [PMID: 10863371]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1998.69.2.269] [PMID: 9526927]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.110664] [PMID: 22420873]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512457373] [PMID: 22935673]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.140520] [PMID: 25688694]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12145] [PMID: 27501492]
[PMID: 29118145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.1.27] [PMID: 15616229]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.097001] [PMID: 19563277]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x] [PMID: 23574464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9557-4_15]
[PMID: 22482259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.087] [PMID: 26313869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.008] [PMID: 22244863]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(93)90263-T] [PMID: 8292096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.120051] [PMID: 22680302]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.08.016] [PMID: 17964192]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31825719f3] [PMID: 22514251]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0787-6] [PMID: 18807098]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.10.007] [PMID: 14643271]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00766.x] [PMID: 15613077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050276] [PMID: 16734583]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-007-9166-6] [PMID: 17828467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090105] [PMID: 20350154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.10.034] [PMID: 19913930]
[PMID: 24009957]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12101] [PMID: 23713486]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12335] [PMID: 25385537]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050233] [PMID: 16805679]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2002.73.6.631] [PMID: 12083536]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290312.x] [PMID: 11940146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.107113] [PMID: 23580918]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750090301] [PMID: 8952614]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01130-X] [PMID: 11216961]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090499] [PMID: 20367093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-013-0112-7] [PMID: 23604464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10.1123]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655101753218283] [PMID: 11763410]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc8872] [PMID: 20144219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1973.0453] [PMID: 4516507]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00924.x] [PMID: 16677328]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.898089] [PMID: 24720864]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080015] [PMID: 18771365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01220.x] [PMID: 19778330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00579.x] [PMID: 15086623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000110789.20526.9D] [PMID: 14707235]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.21742] [PMID: 19847898]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.18.2749] [PMID: 11025784]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0170-6] [PMID: 27300352]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00808.x] [PMID: 21348914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199808133390717] [PMID: 9705695]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800070701] [PMID: 11597023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17477166.2010.495779]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.261006.x] [PMID: 10522778]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025622815579] [PMID: 14561049]
[PMID: 2398216]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.1.25] [PMID: 8561237]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.05.006] [PMID: 16389170]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2522] [PMID: 18682518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080022] [PMID: 18980512]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600314] [PMID: 17314261]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.12.1429] [PMID: 10632517]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800080201] [PMID: 11669476]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.8.1362] [PMID: 16101370]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100321] [PMID: 20722533]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-88] [PMID: 23009606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328338cd36] [PMID: 20453665]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2016.07.013] [PMID: 27780615]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000458411] [PMID: 28219071]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ger.12261] [PMID: 28168759]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2523-x] [PMID: 29934798]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14791] [PMID: 28272750]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14944] [PMID: 28598507]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151081] [PMID: 26963387]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2015.16] [PMID: 25744023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006346] [PMID: 22315714]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32228] [PMID: 27624303]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009505] [PMID: 20209079]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1059] [PMID: 27225182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0046] [PMID: 17908844]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.038] [PMID: 25491073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.174029] [PMID: 19419981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02788.x] [PMID: 20398152]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2006.01.002] [PMID: 19595867]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140315] [PMID: 25061055]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41514-017-0015-x] [PMID: 29134111]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-121918] [PMID: 23666172]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/137357] [PMID: 26063967]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3333] [PMID: 30746447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000001220] [PMID: 30829959]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00263.x] [PMID: 8681519]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PY06025]
[PMID: 12765096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764004043134] [PMID: 15293435]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000135] [PMID: 25526527]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2017.1278789] [PMID: 28116993]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.128222] [PMID: 24744548]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12605] [PMID: 30207388]
[PMID: 30574605]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215440] [PMID: 30998794]
[PMID: 30499588]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.770]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12036] [PMID: 24320960]
[PMID: 25197739]
[PMID: 15544223]
[PMID: 12556265]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4800036] [PMID: 10101906]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1532-3382(02)70078-X] [PMID: 22287937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2007.059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856213486308] [PMID: 23671224]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.5.1.53]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.368] [PMID: 2048795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01545.x] [PMID: 20447256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9969(01)00003-6] [PMID: 11286806]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.2001.tb00252.x] [PMID: 11803642]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(03)00023-3] [PMID: 12763294]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.895]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32712] [PMID: 30729689]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.62.1.71-109.1998] [PMID: 9529888]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5717.1899] [PMID: 15790840]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005] [PMID: 16272510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00174.x] [PMID: 16930307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-010312-133513] [PMID: 23327521]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x] [PMID: 9495612]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280102.x] [PMID: 12013340]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00840] [PMID: 27313576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x] [PMID: 15853940]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1077] [PMID: 15455734]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2013.130172] [PMID: 23725029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02579.x] [PMID: 22530835]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2006.07.045] [PMID: 17049750]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01278.x] [PMID: 20546109]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1991.tb00481.x] [PMID: 1667435]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00064.x] [PMID: 1752997]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109187] [PMID: 25299619]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2014.1000764] [PMID: 25616643]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09150.x] [PMID: 10856647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2873] [PMID: 22941505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201344202] [PMID: 24338806]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00162.x] [PMID: 10522227]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1244-1263.1998] [PMID: 9841671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411010120030101] [PMID: 11497373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01392.x] [PMID: 9085221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.602052] [PMID: 25266723]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2240108.x] [PMID: 11276866]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v7.29124] [PMID: 26387644]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319060011] [PMID: 23016681]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.8.4689-4698.2004] [PMID: 15271930]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203033487027] [PMID: 14683429]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/omi.12051] [PMID: 24661327]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-014-0258-7] [PMID: 25270662]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.19.5609-5616.2001] [PMID: 11544223]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.004] [PMID: 23684627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.012] [PMID: 24922578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075784] [PMID: 24124513]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CBI20090290] [PMID: 19947912]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2008.11.005] [PMID: 19091595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.3.1543-1552.2005] [PMID: 15731052]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01780.x] [PMID: 22381126]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-107] [PMID: 19473524]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x] [PMID: 20712631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00278-2] [PMID: 10708847]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2007.24] [PMID: 17710100]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.11.2.221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02459.x] [PMID: 9650874]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.004366] [PMID: 15361547]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.001021] [PMID: 1695830]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414] [PMID: 12045108]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00333.x] [PMID: 20712633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb03934.x] [PMID: 807474]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni777] [PMID: 11912497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1068] [PMID: 15608698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.004] [PMID: 28108356]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.177.8.2098-2106.1995] [PMID: 7721702]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxf097] [PMID: 12407023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00672.x] [PMID: 16611234]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058496] [PMID: 23554896]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16190-y]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.3.1477-1482.2001] [PMID: 11179315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.4.1867-1873.2002] [PMID: 11895949]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxh146] [PMID: 15326096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.9.5041-5051.2004] [PMID: 15321997]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2157-2163.2005] [PMID: 15784558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03346.x] [PMID: 17335558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00392.x] [PMID: 18173800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01924-05] [PMID: 16861633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2018.1440128] [PMID: 29503705]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01136-13] [PMID: 24478080]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.66.4.1660-1665.1998] [PMID: 9529095]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00535.x] [PMID: 9138193]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.008] [PMID: 24370188]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phy2.79] [PMID: 24159380]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115107] [PMID: 25501558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3022-7] [PMID: 24500480]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510354] [PMID: 15927970]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200006153422406] [PMID: 10853003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003] [PMID: 14665678]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093245] [PMID: 17506684]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1162-5] [PMID: 24352581]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00636.x] [PMID: 1363734]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00366-7] [PMID: 9184801]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07530.x] [PMID: 21244528]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02059.x] [PMID: 20695897]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(86)90047-6] [PMID: 2875705]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043722] [PMID: 22970139]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00307.x] [PMID: 20017793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00719.x] [PMID: 15009522]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.60.4.1662-1670.1992] [PMID: 1347762]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/2363] [PMID: 17485350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.61.8.3570-3573.1993] [PMID: 8392975]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2014.999567] [PMID: 25654623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086599] [PMID: 24466164]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02641-0] [PMID: 14657155]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x] [PMID: 23134607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034510385242] [PMID: 20940357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01393.x] [PMID: 19419440]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00733-06] [PMID: 17210663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00124] [PMID: 29467738]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.1.268-276.2005] [PMID: 15618163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.9.1.55-71.1996] [PMID: 8665477]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000949] [PMID: 20711357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2230103.x] [PMID: 11276764]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2106]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1046] [PMID: 15455730]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12415]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.070140] [PMID: 18052701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309303800304] [PMID: 8356427]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345000790010701] [PMID: 10690660]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010203] [PMID: 10670552]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.007] [PMID: 29232563]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.006] [PMID: 22036469]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.12302] [PMID: 26085208]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.020] [PMID: 21457942]
[PMID: 21909504]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960241103] [PMID: 11714126]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0466] [PMID: 30618100]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090741] [PMID: 20370420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02484-1] [PMID: 12446059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/jhj.44.201] [PMID: 12718482]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.05.030] [PMID: 17655949]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00456.x] [PMID: 24320959]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri749] [PMID: 11913069]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00301-5] [PMID: 12818399]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12192-011-0315-1] [PMID: 22215516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06879.x] [PMID: 7913687]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07117.x] [PMID: 7926686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1994.tb00054.x] [PMID: 7936723]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301209] [PMID: 15557401]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1998.tb00752.x] [PMID: 9573824]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0902-0055.2004.00134.x] [PMID: 15107067]
[PMID: 15699420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(88)91203-0] [PMID: 3076770]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.160.1.310] [PMID: 6429267]
[PMID: 12488496]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bchm3.1989.370.2.1063] [PMID: 2482041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200024605082] [PMID: 12003349]
[PMID: 3102389]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2002.73.7.720] [PMID: 12146530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(97)00154-X] [PMID: 9495569]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.070096] [PMID: 18062118]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00045-5] [PMID: 14744438]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.005] [PMID: 22541426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y] [PMID: 8252621]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/nat.2012.0381] [PMID: 22950794]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.009] [PMID: 17011485]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db11-0082] [PMID: 21709278]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-21-33] [PMID: 27099782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.2985] [PMID: 23716978]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2011.01.007] [PMID: 21420027]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03092.x] [PMID: 19538248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.007] [PMID: 29933952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.005] [PMID: 28246044]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033201] [PMID: 22427989]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086469] [PMID: 24475125]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16070759] [PMID: 29361849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.027] [PMID: 19135886]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0297-1] [PMID: 27889895]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2011.06.009] [PMID: 21813326]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/172351] [PMID: 23983402]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5020035] [PMID: 31022830]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.003] [PMID: 26148445]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-013-8400-3] [PMID: 23315269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00125] [PMID: 31133802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858417721150] [PMID: 28737113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605298103] [PMID: 16885212]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001651] [PMID: 20457564]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.89] [PMID: 24670381]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002] [PMID: 19167326]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00406] [PMID: 27757114]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22483] [PMID: 23650073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.1262] [PMID: 22069274]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.2013.0078] [PMID: 24428800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-1038-8] [PMID: 29310666]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.102] [PMID: 22480686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4248/IJOS11046] [PMID: 21789961]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512456551] [PMID: 22879578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0190] [PMID: 30378773]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-012-0704-7] [PMID: 22374434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.483] [PMID: 24336073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0697] [PMID: 20668064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18510] [PMID: 28903382]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.002] [PMID: 31220779]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.022] [PMID: 25779937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_879_17] [PMID: 30181751]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms151120355] [PMID: 25383678]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12167-z] [PMID: 28935967]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.40] [PMID: 27046647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116651] [PMID: 31302195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201607492] [PMID: 28674080]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479995] [PMID: 28817807]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.904933] [PMID: 29197221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12819] [PMID: 26987780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.044] [PMID: 19682430]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26391] [PMID: 29226952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.008] [PMID: 29884447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22556] [PMID: 24038396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.054] [PMID: 23541945]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12095] [PMID: 26252410]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.041] [PMID: 24161319]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1200609] [PMID: 22649192]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511425045] [PMID: 22043006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485905] [PMID: 29237156]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11876-5] [PMID: 31477731]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.020] [PMID: 21820659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12888] [PMID: 29517812]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24987] [PMID: 25760478]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.267443] [PMID: 22715471]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181139] [PMID: 30482883]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.029] [PMID: 20888330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145930] [PMID: 26720041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-6-16] [PMID: 23641832]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3MR0218-079R] [PMID: 29969525]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.07.023] [PMID: 26343596]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140958] [PMID: 26485305]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2012.174] [PMID: 23247627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00826.x] [PMID: 7593697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-011-1178-0] [PMID: 21968601]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.22466] [PMID: 22161865]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2008.06.004] [PMID: 18631453]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2012.05.002] [PMID: 22721918]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15497] [PMID: 28530238]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.007] [PMID: 30580082]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00809-6] [PMID: 12007417]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00034.2008] [PMID: 18303086]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvp015] [PMID: 19147652]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.106.141986] [PMID: 17478730]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000265065.26744.17] [PMID: 17379831]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2007.061170] [PMID: 17525252]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9050193] [PMID: 31109008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07511] [PMID: 19043405]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.687947] [PMID: 17606841]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2014.0191] [PMID: 25203845]
[PMID: 22367347]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16720-8] [PMID: 29192241]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.019] [PMID: 29154818]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.355495] [PMID: 22547075]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.30] [PMID: 25824307]
[PMID: 24733970]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01126.x] [PMID: 20102566]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.042] [PMID: 24952960]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.075] [PMID: 30071418]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.087] [PMID: 27512922]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.12549] [PMID: 25421511]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-0915-1] [PMID: 21519915]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S2129] [PMID: 20651948]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1462399406000068] [PMID: 16942634]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd870] [PMID: 12402501]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3793] [PMID: 23237916]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S2097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S2469] [PMID: 22084583]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318268de9f] [PMID: 22923699]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170413110605] [PMID: 28412922]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-979537] [PMID: 8852530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)90204-J] [PMID: 2171955]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00057-W] [PMID: 7796124]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001021] [PMID: 11986998]
[PMID: 12858143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.248] [PMID: 23299933]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.002] [PMID: 21605657]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.133] [PMID: 27483383]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12166] [PMID: 24330408]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172699] [PMID: 28241062]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190802145128]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.015] [PMID: 28482311]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020]
[PMID: 8248282]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07463.2001] [PMID: 11567036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01078-2] [PMID: 11600105]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02242-X] [PMID: 11684348]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.013] [PMID: 16125901]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.028] [PMID: 26514401]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq112] [PMID: 21036897]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw221] [PMID: 28187219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170485] [PMID: 28869479]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0785-y] [PMID: 28386767]
[PMID: 15995595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.080315] [PMID: 19228097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12063] [PMID: 23488665]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00373.2011] [PMID: 22592557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21199] [PMID: 26347385]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.024] [PMID: 28712531]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140304105526] [PMID: 24606499]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv242] [PMID: 26823439]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853890903321559] [PMID: 19941414]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365510802245685] [PMID: 18622801]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304674] [PMID: 25524770]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12031-014-0272-0] [PMID: 24664436]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-8-17] [PMID: 21324164]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2018.1563405] [PMID: 30728914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666170313122937] [PMID: 28294067]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00483] [PMID: 30072865]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2011.00077] [PMID: 22144960]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91101-F] [PMID: 1970087]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(87)90696-3] [PMID: 3670729]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.007] [PMID: 24858659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.190165] [PMID: 27758838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.025] [PMID: 18534557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.110] [PMID: 22869038]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.066647] [PMID: 19837763]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191] [PMID: 9046559]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938] [PMID: 17716090]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07455] [PMID: 18923511]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199108293250903] [PMID: 1713648]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.7.711] [PMID: 10440631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000071895] [PMID: 12920328]
[PMID: 22801289]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2008.01.007] [PMID: 18308510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.11.1209] [PMID: 9830373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92899-5] [PMID: 7475659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1377] [PMID: 16330726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199805000-00025] [PMID: 9625226]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01088-X] [PMID: 11274650]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006] [PMID: 16316783]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1461145702003152] [PMID: 12466037]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.69] [PMID: 28112061]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.043] [PMID: 17433555]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.10.013] [PMID: 17174336]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1009] [PMID: 14557146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.13290] [PMID: 9789081]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000343968] [PMID: 25224891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830190015002] [PMID: 9236543]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.10-013.Yeager] [PMID: 22013396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4804(03)00300-7] [PMID: 15013364]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(02)00655-7] [PMID: 15177085]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11011-008-9118-1] [PMID: 19085093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00207-X] [PMID: 14592780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/IJDHD.2010.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.772]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2017-0019] [PMID: 29657363]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.07.008] [PMID: 16126278]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.03.012] [PMID: 15951024]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.11.003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)90652-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.047] [PMID: 15610925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030097017] [PMID: 2784047]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00046-3] [PMID: 11278147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02569.x] [PMID: 3929565]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835aa4b4] [PMID: 23196997]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08r04505] [PMID: 19497250]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.001] [PMID: 20934453]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.001] [PMID: 19251324]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00124-X] [PMID: 10858586]
[PMID: 16960575]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160488] [PMID: 27716676]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.47.2.425] [PMID: 8757015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150171] [PMID: 26402631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acps.12458] [PMID: 26256862]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.014] [PMID: 25541493]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.004] [PMID: 25678163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.06.002] [PMID: 23896009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01128.x] [PMID: 18081924]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.021] [PMID: 19201395]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.086] [PMID: 15919060]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2007.07.011] [PMID: 17890051]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnr.2006.04.002] [PMID: 18079991]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.08.006] [PMID: 21906753]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.030] [PMID: 19268915]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-181055] [PMID: 30909230]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.004] [PMID: 23870425]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b] [PMID: 19188531]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.003] [PMID: 21872339]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033] [PMID: 20015486]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.125] [PMID: 27412959]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22087] [PMID: 23504697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.010] [PMID: 20951793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.008] [PMID: 29935756]
[PMID: 29921741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000096042] [PMID: 17028447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00037-1] [PMID: 9690336]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(89)90035-2] [PMID: 2487182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.01.002] [PMID: 20074610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700038629] [PMID: 1488478]
[PMID: 25751446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)00323-U] [PMID: 8672606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9220-4] [PMID: 26041659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.09.002] [PMID: 19850302]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.010] [PMID: 28663123]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.169] [PMID: 27555379]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000572] [PMID: 27702411]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200601900402] [PMID: 17166394]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.030] [PMID: 27017374]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9390-0] [PMID: 22190235]
[PMID: 9989552]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210086] [PMID: 29572361]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.100] [PMID: 30654266]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.057] [PMID: 25451421]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.113] [PMID: 25335166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep19674] [PMID: 26790609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V91.6.2099] [PMID: 9490696]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02931972] [PMID: 21432460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002.019380] [PMID: 12181307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/139239] [PMID: 24455420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.133] [PMID: 20347489]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E745] [PMID: 11287357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3479] [PMID: 23846113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.024] [PMID: 30266463]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.074] [PMID: 25155940]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.11.3239-3242.1998] [PMID: 9774572]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.012] [PMID: 23899607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12663-009-0028-5] [PMID: 23139486]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509338032] [PMID: 19587165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2017.1281562] [PMID: 28326156]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00582.x] [PMID: 20883220]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500202] [PMID: 16434728]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207783018554] [PMID: 18220804]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70294-2] [PMID: 10539867]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000155018.67835.1a] [PMID: 15662025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01784.x] [PMID: 22092606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00377-06] [PMID: 16954266]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002067] [PMID: 26632711]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01784.x] [PMID: 21223455]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.41] [PMID: 11887470]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1138]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00011-005-1375-4] [PMID: 16283108]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa063186] [PMID: 17329698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12089] [PMID: 23627332]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00006] [PMID: 20956706]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05485] [PMID: 17167474]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2011.11.011] [PMID: 22265028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1223813] [PMID: 22674330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.158] [PMID: 22024974]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.035] [PMID: 22424233]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-012-0738-1] [PMID: 23307045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13568] [PMID: 25079328]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI117495] [PMID: 7523453]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04828] [PMID: 24797416]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134234] [PMID: 26218067]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2337] [PMID: 20514045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)01043-2] [PMID: 12714106]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10213] [PMID: 21677749]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00392] [PMID: 26528128]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004319] [PMID: 20974015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-017-0022-5] [PMID: 29317592]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x] [PMID: 21988661]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.06.019] [PMID: 16887154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.44] [PMID: 27067014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.031] [PMID: 28242013]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.004] [PMID: 25866195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010529108] [PMID: 21282636]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12295] [PMID: 24372793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756283X12459294] [PMID: 23320049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3346] [PMID: 22968153]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.7000] [PMID: 25402818]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12682] [PMID: 30051546]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb00182.x] [PMID: 1776726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.178] [PMID: 28090076]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.009] [PMID: 15556715]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-26] [PMID: 18254977]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx347] [PMID: 29293892]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12017-014-8320-z] [PMID: 25033932]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.002] [PMID: 28610747]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12173-1] [PMID: 28924232]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.06.025] [PMID: 16095726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/407562] [PMID: 24363500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_37]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.004] [PMID: 15265532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3567-08.2009] [PMID: 19228962]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.014] [PMID: 21334376]
[PMID: 7987701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205X01408010022] [PMID: 25628768]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.015] [PMID: 22417880]
[PMID: 25977379]
[PMID: 26546527]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0160-7] [PMID: 24888491]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12308] [PMID: 26214284]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.005] [PMID: 26123747]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.006] [PMID: 25463909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.019] [PMID: 25244614]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-252130] [PMID: 24776743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01654.x] [PMID: 21158896]
[PMID: 18924606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800417738363] [PMID: 29141444]