Practical Approach to Children Presenting with Eosinophila and Hypereosinophilia

Title:Practical Approach to Children Presenting with Eosinophila and Hypereosinophilia

Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Author(s): Giorgio Costagliola, Serena Di Marco, Pasquale Comberiati, Sofia D’Elios, Nino Petashvili, Maria Elisa Di Cicco and Diego Peroni*

Affiliation:

• Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa,Italy

Keywords: Allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, DRESS, eosinophil, eosinophilia, hypereosinophylic syndromes, parasites.

Abstract: Eosinophilia is not a rare finding in clinical practice, and often poses problems in terms of etiologic research and differential diagnosis. Peripheral eosinophilia is defined by a blood eosinophil count > 500 cells/μL. It is classified into mild (500-1500 cells/μl), moderate (1500-5000 cells/μl) and severe for an eosinophil count > 5000 cells /μl. The term "hypereosinophilia” defines a condition characterized by a blood eosinophil count >1500 cells/μl in at least two consecutive tests made with a minimum of a 4-week interval. The causes of eosinophilia are various, and can be summarized by the acronym “APLV” which refers to Allergic disorders, Parasitic infections, Leukemia/ Lymphomas (and solid tumors) and Vasculitis-Immunodeficiency diseases, with allergic disorders and parasitic infections representing the most commonly identified causes. Allergic disorders are usually associated with mild eosinophilia, whereas values >20.000 cell/μl are highly suggestive for myeloproliferative disorders. Eosinophils may also be directly responsible for organ damage, mainly at cardiac, pulmonary and cutaneous level, deriving from the release of the granule products, of lipidic mediators and cytokines. Therefore, in the physician’s approach to a patient with persistent hypereosinophilia, it is also important to investigate the presence of organ involvement. In this review, we propose a diagnostic algorithm for children presenting with either blood eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia. This algorithm focuses on the patient’s history and clinical manifestations as the first step and the level and persistence of blood eosinophilia as the second, and this can help the physician to identify patients presenting with an elevated blood eosinophil count that need further laboratory or instrumental investigations.

Cite this article as:

Costagliola Giorgio , Marco Di Serena , Comberiati Pasquale , D’Elios Sofia , Petashvili Nino , Di Cicco Elisa Maria and Peroni Diego *, Practical Approach to Children Presenting with Eosinophila and Hypereosinophilia, Current Pediatric Reviews 2020; 16 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666191114150438

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666191114150438	Print ISSN 1573-3963
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-6336