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Current HIV Research

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ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

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Case Report

Epstein-Barr Encephalitis in a Child with Congenital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Report Calling for No Forgetfulness

Author(s): Olga Tsiatsiou, Savvas Papachristou, Eleni Papadimitriou, Elisavet Michailidou, Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou, Anna Papa, Vai Doulioglou, Stavroula Karyda, Charalampos Antachopoulos and Emmanuel Roilides*

Volume 18, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [63 - 66] Pages: 4

DOI: 10.2174/1570162X17666191017101223

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In resource-rich settings, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has dramatically decreased by virtue of a combination of preventive strategies during the last two decades.

Case Presentation: We present a case of progressive developmental milestone loss in a toddler with previously unknown congenitally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, complicated by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) coinfection.

Conclusion: Our report underscores the differential diagnosis between HIV encephalopathy and EBV encephalitis and the vertical transmission of the HIV infection, which constitutes an alarming issue in terms of public health.

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, vertical transmission, encephalopathy, encephalitis, developmental regression.

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Graphical Abstract

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