Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Systematic Review Article

The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among Iranian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s): Rasoul N. Kalmarzi, Pedram Ataee, Asadollah Fathollahpour, Masoud Behzadifar, Maryam Moradi, Faezeh Sharifian, Navid Kalani and Wesam Kooti*

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2020

Page: [189 - 197] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190515100735

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the world is 10-15%, and it is currently the most common chronic disease among children. There is no comprehensive statistics about the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among Iranian children, therefore, this systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the Iranian children.

Methods: The present study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The data was collected using key words including allergic rhinitis, prevalence, epidemiology, child OR children, pediatrics and Iran, in international databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and three national databases including Magiran, Iran Medex, and Scientific Information Databank (SID) till December 2018. The STROBE checklist was used for quality assessment. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 12.1.

Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents were 18% (99.7% CI: 10-28% with publication bias of 0.174) and 25% (99.8% CI: 17-33 with publication bias of 0.617) respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in males was estimated to be 27% (99.4% CI: 17-36) with publication bias of 0.538 and in females was 23% (99.4% CI: 14-31) with publication bias of 0.926.

Conclusion: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is approximately high among Iranian children and adolescents; thus, educational strategies should be considered to decrease the prevalence of this disease in Iran.

Keywords: Prevalence, allergic rhinitis, children, iran, male, female.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Cox, L.; Platts-Mills, T.A.; Finegold, I.; Schwartz, L.B.; Simons, F.E.R.; Wallace, D.V. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology joint task force report on omalizumab-associated anaphylaxis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2007, 120(6), 1373-1377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.032] [PMID: 17996286]
[2]
Bousquet, J.; Van Cauwenberge, P.; Khaltaev, N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2001, 108(5)(Suppl.), S147-S334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.118891] [PMID: 11707753]
[3]
Berger, W.E. Overview of allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2003, 90(6)(Suppl. 3), 7-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61653-5] [PMID: 12839106]
[4]
Akhavan, A.; Saberi, M.; Saberi, F. Topical effects of Glycirrhizic acid on allergic rhinitis in comparison to the beclomethazone treatment. J. Med. Plants Res., 2012, 4(44), 120-129.
[5]
Fireman, P. Therapeutic approaches to allergic rhinitis: treating the child. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2000, 105(6 Pt 2), S616-S621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.106152] [PMID: 10856167]
[6]
Arshi, S.; Zarrinfard, R.; Fereshtehnejad, S.; Poorsattar, B.A.; Javahertarash, N. Determination of the prevalence of allergy to autumn pollens in allergic rhinitis patients referred to the immunology-allergy Clinic of Hazrat Rasool-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran during 2005-06. Majallah-i Ulum-i Pizishki-i Razi, 2010, 17(75), 59-67.
[7]
Knight, L.C.; Eccles, R.; Morris, S. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and its effects on eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure. Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci., 1992, 17(4), 308-312.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01002.x] [PMID: 1526048]
[8]
Nimmagadda, S.R.; Evans, R. III Allergy: etiology and epidemiology. Pediatr. Rev., 1999, 20(4), 111-115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.20-4-110] [PMID: 10208083]
[9]
Skoner, D.P. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2001, 108(1)(Suppl.), S2-S8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.115569] [PMID: 11449200]
[10]
Di Berardino, F. Allergic or nonallergic rhinitis? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2009, 124(3), 620.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.041] [PMID: 19733304]
[11]
Skoner, D.P.; Doyle, W.J.; Boehm, S.; Fireman, P. Late phase eustachian tube and nasal allergic responses associated with inflammatory mediator elaboration. Am. J. Rhinol., 1988, 2(4), 155-161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065888781692998]
[12]
Durham, S.R.; Ying, S.; Varney, V.A.; Jacobson, M.R.; Sudderick, R.M.; Mackay, I.S.; Kay, A.B.; Hamid, Q.A. Cytokine messenger RNA expression for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor in the nasal mucosa after local allergen provocation: relationship to tissue eosinophilia. J. Immunol., 1992, 148(8), 2390-2394.
[PMID: 1560199]
[13]
Sim, T.C.; Reece, L.M.; Hilsmeier, K.A.; Grant, J.A.; Alam, R. Secretion of chemokines and other cytokines in allergen-induced nasal responses: inhibition by topical steroid treatment. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1995, 152(3), 927-933.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7545059] [PMID: 7545059]
[14]
Ha, D.T. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. J. Intern. Med., 2005, 503(2), 6-8.
[15]
DerSimonian, R.; Laird, N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control. Clin. Trials, 1986, 7(3), 177-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2] [PMID: 3802833]
[16]
Higgins, J.P.; Thompson, S.G. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat. Med., 2002, 21(11), 1539-1558.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186] [PMID: 12111919]
[17]
Egger, M.; Davey Smith, G.; Schneider, M.; Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 1997, 315(7109), 629-634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629] [PMID: 9310563]
[18]
Kabir, M.; Rahman, F.; Hassan, M.; Ahamed, F.; Mridha, M. Asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis in school children. M.M.J, 14(1), 41-45. 2005
[19]
Solé, D.; Wandalsen, G.F.; Camelo-Nunes, I.C.; Naspitz, C.K. Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema among Brazilian children and adolescents identified by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Phase 3. J. Pediatr. (Rio J.), 2006, 82(5), 341-346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0021-75572006000600006] [PMID: 16951799]
[20]
Asher, M.I.; Barry, D.; Clayton, T.; Crane, J.; D’Souza, W.; Ellwood, P.; Ford, R.P.; Mackay, R.; Mitchell, E.A.; Moyes, C.; Pattemore, P.; Pearce, N.; Stewart, A.W. The burden of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in children and adolescents in six New Zealand centres: ISAAC Phase One. N. Z. Med. J., 2001, 114(1128), 114-120.
[PMID: 11346157]
[21]
Wang, H.Y.; Zheng, J.P.; Zhong, N.S. [Time trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases over 7 years among adolescents in Guangzhou city Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2006, 86(15), 1014-1020.
[PMID: 16784701]
[22]
Huang, S.L.; Shiao, G.; Chou, P. Association between body mass index and allergy in teenage girls in Taiwan. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 1999, 29(3), 323-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00455.x] [PMID: 10202338]
[23]
Sih, T.; Mion, O. Allergic rhinitis in the child and associated comorbidities. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 21, 107-113.2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00933.x]
[24]
Baumann, L.M.; Romero, K.M.; Robinson, C.L.; Hansel, N.N.; Gilman, R.H.; Hamilton, R.G.; Lima, J.J.; Wise, R.A.; Checkley, W. Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in two resource-limited settings in Peru with disparate degrees of urbanization. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2015, 45(1), 192-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12379] [PMID: 25059756]
[25]
Khaldi, F.; Fakhfakh, R.; Mattoussi, N.; Ben Ali, B.; Zouari, S.; Khémiri, M. Prevalence and severity of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in “Grand Tunis” schoolchildren: ISAAC. Tunis. Med., 2005, 83(5), 269-273.
[PMID: 16044899]
[26]
Shakurnia, A.; Assar, S.; Afra, M.; Latifi, M. Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6-7 and 13-14 years old ahvazian school children. Majallah-i Ilmi-i Pizishki-i Jundi/Shapur, 2010, 9(6), 593-602.
[27]
Farrokhi, S.; Gheybi, M.K.; Movahhed, A.; Dehdari, R.; Gooya, M.; Keshvari, S.; Gholampour, H.; Mansourian, Z.; Khosravi, Y.; Ghahramani, F.; Zandi, S.; Etemadan, R.; Tahmasebi, R.; Reaisi, A.; Keshmiri, S.; Fadaizadeh, L.; Masjedi, M.R. Prevalence and risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in primary schoolchildren living in Bushehr, Iran: phase I, III ISAAC protocol. Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2014, 13(5), 348-355.
[PMID: 25150076]
[28]
Ayatollahi,‎ M.; Ghaem, H. The prevalence of uterine diseases (allergic rhinitis, hives and eczema) and its afflictions among schoolchildren in Shiraz, 2002-2003. Majallah-i Danishgah-i Ulum-i Pizishki-i Gurgan, 2003, 13, 29-34.
[29]
Ghaffari, J.; Abbaskhanian, A.; Jalili, M.; Yazdani Charati, J. IQ score of children with persistent or perennial allergic rhinitis: A comparison with healthy children. Iran. J. Child. Neurol., 2014, 8(3), 44-48.
[PMID: 25143773]
[30]
Akbari, H.; Farid-Hosseini, R.; Miri, S.; Amin, R. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among 11-15 years-old children in Shiraz. Iran. J. Immunol., 2004, 1(2), 133-137.
[31]
Safari, M.; Jari, M. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in 13-14 year old school children in Hamedan. Iran. J. Pediatr., 2008, 18(Suppl.), 41-46.
[32]
Ghargazlo, M.; Khalili, S.; Hallaj, M.; Karimi, B.; Honarmand, M.; Jafari, H. Frequency and severity of asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6-7 year-old children in Kashan. J. School Med., 1998, 1, 24-30.
[33]
Mohammadzadeh, I.; Jafarian, A.; Ghaffari, J.; Alizadeh-navaei, R. The prevalence of allergy symptoms in students in rural area. Caspian J. Pediatr., 2014, 1(2), 35-38.
[34]
Zamanfar, D.; Gaffari, J.; Behzadnia, S.; Yazdani-Charati, J.; Tavakoli, S. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, eczema and asthma in students of guidance schools in Mazandaran province, Iran. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., 2016, 4(4), 619-623.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.112] [PMID: 28028401]
[35]
Amizadeh, M.; Safizadeh, H.; Bazargan, N.; Farrokhdoost, Z. Survey on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and its effect on the quality of high school students’ life. Iran. J. Otorhinolaryngol., 2013, 25(71), 79-84.
[PMID: 24303424]
[36]
Nasiri, R.; Homagostar, G.; Tajik, M.; Shekari, A.; Roshani, D.; Ataei, P.; Ghobadidana, V.; Nili, S. Evaluation of prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms in Kurdistan, a Western province in Iran. Int. J. Pediat, 2015, 3(6.1), 1039-1046.
[37]
Sahebi, L.; Shabestary, M.S. The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema among middle school students in Tabriz (northwestern Iran). Turk. J. Med. Sci., 2011, 41(5), 927-938.
[38]
Mirsaid Ghazi, B.; Imamzadehgan, R.; Aghamohammadi, A.; Darakhshan Davari, R.; Rezaei, N. Frequency of allergic rhinitis in school-age children (7-18 years) in Tehran. Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2003, 2(4), 181-184.
[PMID: 17301377]
[39]
Karimi, M. The prevalence of asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 13-14 year old children in Yazd schools in year 82. Med. Sci. J, 2003, 6(3)
[40]
Rahimi Rad, M.H.; Hejazi, M.E.; Behrouzian, R. Asthma and other allergic diseases in 13-14-year-old schoolchildren in Urmia, Iran. [corrected]. East. Mediterr. Health J., 2007, 13(5), 1005-1016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2007.13.5.1005] [PMID: 18290392]
[41]
Bazzazi, H.; Gharagozlou, M.; Kassaiee, M.; Parsikia, A.; Zahmatkesh, H. The prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders among school children in Gorgan. J. Res. Med. Sci., 2007, 12(1), 28-33.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
16
4
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy