Radiosensitization Induced by Ultra-stable PVA-coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Study with Fricke Dosimeter, Plasmid DNA and F98 Glioma Cells

Title:Radiosensitization Induced by Ultra-stable PVA-coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Study with Fricke Dosimeter, Plasmid DNA and F98 Glioma Cells

Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Author(s): Thititip Tippayamontri*, Minghan Shi, Benoit Paquette, Andrew Bass and Léon Sanche

Affiliation:

• Center of Radiotherapy Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC,Canada

Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, polyvinyl alcohol, ionizing radiation, radiosensitivity, DNA, Fricke dosimeter.

Abstract: Background: When localized in cells, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) enhance absorption of ionizing radiation and hence biological damage. They have the potential to increase the efficiency of radiotherapy cancer treatment.

Objective: To investigate the dose enhancement and biomolecular radiosensitization induced by ultra-stable polyvinyl alcohol coated gold nanoparticle (PVA-GNPs).

Methods: The dose enhancement induced by PVA-GNPs was quantified by Fricke chemical dosimetry. The absorbed dose as a function of PVA-GNP concentration for irradiation with 80 and 100 kVp X-rays and 60Co γ-rays. The efficiency of PVA-GNPs to sensitize plasmid DNA to 80 kVp X-rays was measured by gel electrophoresis for a water solution of PVA-GNPs and DNA in a 1:1 ratio. Subcellular localization and the radiosensitization of PVA-GNPs in F98 glioma cells was performed.

Results: Under X-ray irradiation, the absorbed dose increased with PVA-GNP concentration. Average dose enhancements were 1.89 ± 0.14 and 2.25 ± 0.11 for 80 and 100 kVp X-rays, respectively, which led to an increase in DNA strand breaks and interduplex crosslinks. Conversely, no significant dose enhancement was found with 60Co γ-rays (P = 0.77). PVA-GNPs accumulated near the nuclear membrane and in vesicle-like structures in the cytoplasm, but did not localize in the nucleus. The induction of radioenhancement by 2-fold was observed when combined 500 nM PVA-GNPs with 4 Gy X-rays.

Conclusion: Radiosensitization by PVA-GNPs was observed under 80 and 100 kVp Xray irradiation. These results support the potential application of these highly stable nanoparticles to enhance the benefits of low-energy X-ray radiotherapy in cancer treatments.

Cite this article as:

Tippayamontri Thititip *, Shi Minghan , Paquette Benoit , Bass Andrew and Sanche Léon , Radiosensitization Induced by Ultra-stable PVA-coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Study with Fricke Dosimeter, Plasmid DNA and F98 Glioma Cells, Current Nanomedicine 2018; 8 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187308666180226141555