Abstract
Background: Bone Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-protein (BGP or osteocalcin) is a vitamin K-dependent protein involved in the regulation of bone mineralization. Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of the Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and BGP levels in patients with end stage renal disease. Data were collected in 370 haemodialysis patients, 37% (136) smokers (or ex-smokers) and 63% (234) nonsmokers. Vascular calcifications and vertebral fractures (quantitative morphometry) were identified on spine radiographs.
Results: Smokers had significantly lower BGP levels (152 vs. 204 µg/L, p=0.003). Smokers had lower plasma phosphate levels (4.2 vs. 4.7 mg/dl, p<0.01). Lower BGP levels were associated with aortic calcification (p<0.001), iliac calcification (p=0.042) and vertebral fractures (p=0.023). In addition, the regression model showed that smoking is associated with a significant reduction of total BGP levels by about 18% (p=0.01).
Conclusion: This is the first clinical study in a haemodialysis population, which identifies cigarette smoking as a potential factor that can lower BGP levels, a protective agent in bone and vascular health.
Keywords: BGP, osteocalcin, bone, smoke, haemodialysis, vascular calcification, vertebral fractures.
Graphical Abstract
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Cigarette Smoking is Associated with Decreased Bone Gla-protein (BGP) Levels in Hemodialysis Patients
Volume: 16 Issue: 6
Author(s): Maria Fusaro*, Maurizio Gallieni, Andrea Aghi, Giorgio Iervasi, Maria A. Rizzo, Andrea Stucchi, Marianna Noale, Giovanni Tripepi, Thomas Nickolas, Nicola Veronese, Fabrizio Fabris, Sandro Giannini, Lorenzo Calo, Antonio Piccoli, Maria C. Mereu, Laura Cosmai, Alberto Ferraro, Fiorenza Magonara, Michela Spinello, Stefania Sella and Mario Plebani
Affiliation:
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, PI,Italy
Keywords: BGP, osteocalcin, bone, smoke, haemodialysis, vascular calcification, vertebral fractures.
Abstract: Background: Bone Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-protein (BGP or osteocalcin) is a vitamin K-dependent protein involved in the regulation of bone mineralization. Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of the Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and BGP levels in patients with end stage renal disease. Data were collected in 370 haemodialysis patients, 37% (136) smokers (or ex-smokers) and 63% (234) nonsmokers. Vascular calcifications and vertebral fractures (quantitative morphometry) were identified on spine radiographs.
Results: Smokers had significantly lower BGP levels (152 vs. 204 µg/L, p=0.003). Smokers had lower plasma phosphate levels (4.2 vs. 4.7 mg/dl, p<0.01). Lower BGP levels were associated with aortic calcification (p<0.001), iliac calcification (p=0.042) and vertebral fractures (p=0.023). In addition, the regression model showed that smoking is associated with a significant reduction of total BGP levels by about 18% (p=0.01).
Conclusion: This is the first clinical study in a haemodialysis population, which identifies cigarette smoking as a potential factor that can lower BGP levels, a protective agent in bone and vascular health.
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Cite this article as:
Fusaro Maria*, Gallieni Maurizio , Aghi Andrea , Iervasi Giorgio , Rizzo A. Maria , Stucchi Andrea , Noale Marianna , Tripepi Giovanni , Nickolas Thomas , Veronese Nicola , Fabris Fabrizio , Giannini Sandro , Calo Lorenzo , Piccoli Antonio , Mereu C. Maria , Cosmai Laura , Ferraro Alberto , Magonara Fiorenza , Spinello Michela , Sella Stefania and Plebani Mario , Cigarette Smoking is Associated with Decreased Bone Gla-protein (BGP) Levels in Hemodialysis Patients, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2018; 16 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161115666170919182421
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161115666170919182421 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
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