The Underestimated Role of Mechanical Stimuli in Brain Diseases and the Relate d In Vitro Models

Title:The Underestimated Role of Mechanical Stimuli in Brain Diseases and the Relate d In Vitro Models

Volume: 23 Issue: 15

Author(s): Tingwang Guo, Peng Ren, Shilei Hao*Bochu Wang*

Affiliation:

• Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing,China

• Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing,China

Keywords: Mechanical stimuli, brain diseases, intracerebral hemorrhage, Alzheimer’s disease, in vitro models, electrophysiological effects.

Abstract: Background: Besides the well-documented biochemical and electrophysiological effects, the mechanical stimuli also have prominent roles in the initiation and development of brain diseases but yet have been underestimated. To explore the role of mechanical stimuli and the followed mechanical-biochemical effects in the brain diseases.

Method: In this review, we discussed the initiation and effect of mechanical stimuli and the surrounding topography in brain diseases, especially for the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and primary brain tumors. The induced cascades of biological pathways by mechanical stimuli prior to and during the brain diseases were summarized. Strategies aiming to reduce the mechanical stimuli related damages or poor outcomes were also discussed, despite some could only prevent rather than cure. Literatures have indicated mechanical stimuli were the connection between the exogenous mechanotransduction and the inherent biochemical cascades. Therefore, we also reviewed in vitro models in the literatures that simulated the diverse range of mechanical stimuli, which connected the neural network with the tissue engineering, biomaterials and potential therapeutic strategies together.

Results: At the microscopic and macroscopic levels, the hydrostatic pressure, tensile/compressive force, shear force, and even the roughness of topography from the physical surrounding exert the influence on the neural network not only by themselves but also through the interaction with other factors, e.g. biochemical or electrophysiological effects.

Conclusion: In the clinical management, taking the undervalued mechanical stimuli and the followed mechanical- biochemical effects into consideration are important and inevitable in preventing and treating brain diseases.

Cite this article as:

Guo Tingwang, Ren Peng, Hao Shilei*, Wang Bochu*, The Underestimated Role of Mechanical Stimuli in Brain Diseases and the Relate d In Vitro Models, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161027113200

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161027113200	Print ISSN 1381-6128
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4286