Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in regulating vascular homeostasis. Blood flow exerts several mechanical forces on the luminal surface of the Endothelial Cell (EC) including pressure, circumferential stretch, and shear stress. It is widely believed that shear stress plays a central role in regulating EC inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. High shear stress can induce an antiinflammatory status in EC, which is partially mediated by the production of proteins and transcription factors able to suppress different proinflammatory signalling pathways. In this review, we summarise the available evidence regarding the effect of shear stress on vascular EC and smooth muscle cells, the regulation of MAPK and NF-κB including the production of different negative regulators of inflammation such as MKP-1 and NRF2, and the production of microRNAs. We also discuss the possible links between shear stress and the development of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Shear stress, endothelium, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, macrophages, signalling pathway, microRNAs.
Graphical Abstract
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Regulation of Vascular Endothelium Inflammatory Signalling by Shear Stress
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Mustafa Zakkar, Gianni D Angelini and Costanza Emanueli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Shear stress, endothelium, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, macrophages, signalling pathway, microRNAs.
Abstract: The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in regulating vascular homeostasis. Blood flow exerts several mechanical forces on the luminal surface of the Endothelial Cell (EC) including pressure, circumferential stretch, and shear stress. It is widely believed that shear stress plays a central role in regulating EC inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. High shear stress can induce an antiinflammatory status in EC, which is partially mediated by the production of proteins and transcription factors able to suppress different proinflammatory signalling pathways. In this review, we summarise the available evidence regarding the effect of shear stress on vascular EC and smooth muscle cells, the regulation of MAPK and NF-κB including the production of different negative regulators of inflammation such as MKP-1 and NRF2, and the production of microRNAs. We also discuss the possible links between shear stress and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Cite this article as:
Zakkar Mustafa, Angelini D Gianni and Emanueli Costanza, Regulation of Vascular Endothelium Inflammatory Signalling by Shear Stress, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2016; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161114666151202205139
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161114666151202205139 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
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