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Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Role of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Conformation and Accessory Proteins on ADCC Responses

Author(s): Maxime Veillette, Jonathan Richard, Marzena Pazgier, George K. Lewis, Matthew S. Parsons and Andres Finzi

Volume 14, Issue 1, 2016

Page: [9 - 23] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1570162X13666150827093449

Price: $65

Abstract

The role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in controlling or preventing infections by human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency (SIV) viruses has been recently highlighted in multiple studies. One of those effector functions, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was suggested as correlating with decreased HIV-1 acquisition risk in the recent Thai RV144 vaccine trial. RV144-elicited antibodies with potent ADCC activity were recently found to recognize HIV envelope (Env) epitopes exposed upon Env-CD4 interaction. However, HIV-1 efficiently limits the exposure of those epitopes by strongly downregulating CD4 by both Nef and Vpu accessory proteins, as well as indirectly preventing the accumulation of Env at the cell surface by Vpu-mediated BST-2 antagonism. These accessory proteins were thus proposed to play a critical role in decreasing the susceptibility of HIVinfected cells to elimination by ADCC. In this review we will summarize these recent findings and discuss the critical role that HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins conformation plays on ADCC responses, how these responses can be measured in the laboratory, the role of HIV-1-transmission on ADCC responses and how this knowledge can be used to develop new strategies aimed at targeting HIV-1-infected cells.

Keywords: ADCC, BST-2, CD4, envelope glycoproteins, HIV-1, gp120, gp41, non-neutralizing antibodies, Nef, Vpu.

Graphical Abstract


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