Abstract
The incidence of obesity in the population is increasing at an alarming rate, with this comes an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR). Obesity and IR increase an individual’s risk of having a stroke and they have been linked to several forms of dementia. Stroke and dementia are associated with, or exacerbated by, reduced cerebral blood flow, which has recently been described in obese patients. In this review we will discuss the effects of obesity on cerebral artery function and structure. Regarding their function, we will focus on the endothelium and nitric oxide (NO) dependent dilation. NO dependent dilation is impaired in cerebral arteries from obese rats, and the majority of evidence suggests this is a result of increased oxidative stress. We will also describe the limited studies showing that inward cerebral artery remodeling occurs in models of obesity, and that the remodeling is associated with an increase in the damage caused by cerebral ischemia. We will also discuss some of the more paradoxical findings associated with stroke and obesity, including the evidence that obesity is a positive factor for stroke survival. Finally we will discuss the evidence that links these changes in vascular structure and function to cognitive decline and dementia.
Keywords: Obesity, insulin resistance, cerebral ischemia, dementia.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:The Effects of Obesity on the Cerebral Vasculature
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Anne M. Dorrance, Nusrat Matin and Paulo W. Pires
Affiliation:
Keywords: Obesity, insulin resistance, cerebral ischemia, dementia.
Abstract: The incidence of obesity in the population is increasing at an alarming rate, with this comes an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR). Obesity and IR increase an individual’s risk of having a stroke and they have been linked to several forms of dementia. Stroke and dementia are associated with, or exacerbated by, reduced cerebral blood flow, which has recently been described in obese patients. In this review we will discuss the effects of obesity on cerebral artery function and structure. Regarding their function, we will focus on the endothelium and nitric oxide (NO) dependent dilation. NO dependent dilation is impaired in cerebral arteries from obese rats, and the majority of evidence suggests this is a result of increased oxidative stress. We will also describe the limited studies showing that inward cerebral artery remodeling occurs in models of obesity, and that the remodeling is associated with an increase in the damage caused by cerebral ischemia. We will also discuss some of the more paradoxical findings associated with stroke and obesity, including the evidence that obesity is a positive factor for stroke survival. Finally we will discuss the evidence that links these changes in vascular structure and function to cognitive decline and dementia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dorrance M. Anne, Matin Nusrat and Pires W. Paulo, The Effects of Obesity on the Cerebral Vasculature, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2014; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666140423222411
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666140423222411 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Aged Garlic Extract Consumption Causes Significant Increases in Plasma Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Nitric Oxide Levels in Atherosclerotic Patients
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Ascorbic acid-Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Biginelli Reaction: A Practical and Green Approach towards Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin- 2(1H)-ones/thiones
Letters in Organic Chemistry The General Practitioners Role in Promoting Physical Activity to Older Adults: A Review Based on Program Theory
Current Aging Science Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: Data from a Tertiary Hospital
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets An Overview on Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Catechins
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Retinal Vein Occlusions
Current Drug Therapy The Effects of Incretins on Energy Homeostasis: Physiology and Implications for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Current Vascular Pharmacology Progressive Brain Damage and Alterations in Dendritic Arborization after Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats
Current Neurovascular Research Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(2, 8, 9-trioxa-aza-1-germatricyclo [3. 3. 3. 0] undecane-1-yl)-caffeic Acid
Medicinal Chemistry Elevated Inflammatory Parameter Levels Negatively Impact Populations of Circulating Stem Cells (CD133+), Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and Fibroblast Growth Factor in Stroke Patients
Current Neurovascular Research Gender Disparities on Access to Care and Coronary Disease Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Current Molecular Medicine Modulation of Potassium Channels as a Therapeutic Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design Intra-uterine Growth Retardation as a Risk Factor of Postnatal Metabolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Need to Treat
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Role of 11Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Metabolic Disease and Therapeutic Potential of 11Beta-HSD1 Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Silent Partner in Blood Vessel Homeostasis? Pervasive Role of Nitric Oxide in Vascular Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Is It All About Glycemia?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Therapeutic Potential of microRNAs in Vascular Disease)
Current Vascular Pharmacology