Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO’s protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase, stroke, brain, intracerebral hemorrhage, protective
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Carbon Monoxide and the Brain: Time to Rethink the Dogma
Volume: 19 Issue: 15
Author(s): Khalid A. Hanafy, Justin Oh and Leo E. Otterbein
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase, stroke, brain, intracerebral hemorrhage, protective
Abstract: Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO’s protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
A. Hanafy Khalid, Oh Justin and E. Otterbein Leo, Carbon Monoxide and the Brain: Time to Rethink the Dogma, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319150013
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319150013 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Polypharmacology of <i>Aconitum</i> and <i>Delphinium</i> sp. Diterpene Alka loids: Antiarrhythmic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Microwave Irradiated Solid Phase and Catalyst-free Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine Synthesis: Spectral Characterization, Fluorescence Study, and Molecular Crystal Structure
Current Chinese Chemistry Adipobiology for Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Metabolic Syndrome
Current Vascular Pharmacology Synthesis and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of 5-Arylidene-N,Ndimethylbarbiturates
Medicinal Chemistry Inflammation and Anemia
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Heterocyclic Chalcone Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Review of Topiramate: An Antiepileptic for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Secondary Hypertension: The Ways of Management
Current Vascular Pharmacology Therapeutic Drugs that Slow the Heart Rate of Early Rat Embryos. Is there a Risk for the Human?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Low Molecular Weight Compounds with Transition Metals as Free Radical Scavengers and Novel Therapeutic Agents
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Childhood Solitary Cutaneous Mastocytoma: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management
Current Pediatric Reviews Multidetector Computed Tomography of Iatrogenic Urinary Trauma - Pictorial Review
Current Medical Imaging Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Body Temperature Control During Endotoxemic Shock
Current Enzyme Inhibition Emerging Treatment Strategies and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Primary Sjogrens Syndrome
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Herbal and Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Update
Current Cardiology Reviews Mobile Phone Text Message Interventions in Psychiatry - What are the Possibilities?
Current Psychiatry Reviews Cardiovascular Effects of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) Monoclonal Antibodies
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Identification of L-Amino Acid Oxidase (Mb-LAAO) with Antibacterial Activity in the Venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri, a Viper from Lebanon
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets