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Current Cancer Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0096
ISSN (Online): 1873-5576

Multifaceted Mechanisms for Cell Survival and Drug Targeting in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Author(s): J. Kuroda, Y. Shimura, M. Yamamoto-Sugitani, N. Sasaki and M. Taniwaki

Volume 13, Issue 1, 2013

Page: [69 - 79] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1568009611309010069

Price: $65

Abstract

Treatment outcomes for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have shown major improvements as a result of the development of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib for the disease-specific molecular target BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase (TK), but a cure of CML by BCR-ABL1 TKIs has been rarely achieved. CML cells are protected from cytotoxic insults, including those by TKIs, through various collaborative BCR-ABL1- mediated and -independent mechanisms, as well as cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic molecular mechanisms. These protective mechanisms include overlapping cell signaling pathways for normal hematopoietic proliferation, modulation of molecules associated with the BCL2 family protein-regulated programmed cell death pathway, autophagic cell protection capability, bone marrow environment-mediated cell protective signaling, abnormally upregulated genetic instability and other BCRABL1- independent kinase activities. To develop a more effective treatment strategy for a cure by means of total leukemic cell killing, a thorough understanding of how CML cells survive and resist cytotoxic insults is essential. In this article, we review current knowledge about multifaceted BCR-ABL1-related and -unrelated mechanisms for survival and death of CML cells and present suggestions for the development of new therapeutic strategies for complete elimination of residual CML cells during TKI treatment.

Keywords: Apoptosis, autophagy, CML, gene instability, microenvironment, stem cell


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