The Tibial Plateau Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment

Evaluation of Tibial Plateau Fractures: The Role of Imaging

Author(s): Marco Busso, Francesca Colonese, Federico Torre, Valeria Angelino and Andrea Veltri

Pp: 24-39 (16)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681082417116010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Tibial plateau fractures are common injuries and the most difficult of the intra-articular fractures to manage. These fractures are usually related to high energy trauma or osteoporosis in older adults. The fractures normally occur in the 1% in older adults whereas in the elderly at 8%. In case of improper restoration of the plateau surface and the axis of the leg, these fractures could lead to development of premature osteoarthritis, injury in ligaments, as well lifelong pain and disability. The imaging is of paramount importance for assessment of the initial injury, planning management, prediction of prognosis and in the follow-up. Traditionally, the radiological examination was performed with x-rays. Presently, the computer tomography, affiliated with magnetic resonance imaging indicate more accurately the categories of fractures thus facilitating a better surgical plan.


Keywords: Computer tomography, Diagnosis, Imaging, Intra-articular fractures, Magnetic resonance imaging, Osteoporosis, Surgical, Tibial plateau fractures, Trauma, x-rays.

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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60151475 and j.to_ip >=60151475 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740526847 and j.to_date >= 1740526847 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9025) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60151475 and j.to_ip >=60151475 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740526847 and j.to_date >= 1740526847 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9025) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60151475 and j.to_ip >=60151475 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740526847 and j.to_date >= 1740526847 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9025)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1974 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740526847 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740526847 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1974
      • 3: 1740526847
      • 4: 1740526847
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ecaf168d97b22e6ca04188fc32dbeccd'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        JodAKyfaz11IkGqe8L9msikFvSTuhKnLDzzeuQae
        uc_cart_id
        ecaf168d97b22e6ca04188fc32dbeccd
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9025" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/9025
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 23:40:47 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVrdUJCZS9Pbjc2SzFWSWVUOTBwUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1J3SDcramtKaWVHK2loRHFQbWNxN0pTbkpIRnZCblB1TWVIZ0JqVzJtL2lTRUVSdmhJSWV3VVhveHo4RFdQelFWSEQ1Qys2MGgvSHBPdnZFcXYwQlQzSjRyTFFMWGUzODZNcWRST3huenJSbUZMUHRFM2VjOHNFa0ZTNFg2MzUiLCJtYWMiOiI1OGFmZjVmZmU2MmVlNGU3MzI2NWM5Zjk4ODE2ZTViOGYwNmZhMTk3MmQ4ODBiYTVmMGM4MGY3NDU5YjE3MDFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 11:40:47 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVrdUJCZS9Pbjc2SzFWSWVUOTBwUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1J3SDcramtKaWVHK2loRHFQbWNxN0pTbkpIRnZCblB1TWVIZ0JqVzJtL2lTRUVSdmhJSWV3VVhveHo4RFdQelFWSEQ1Q" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ii8vMkhxcDdPTWtVMmVtZyswQmZhc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYmRWTnhCdlhqNTBOUXNXRU9MeEF3MDN5QlFvbFZXS2kwMjRHT1hKSzNpMzVmK2puMDhoemVPQ1dQU2ZibmZSZWZ5ZVRZRTdIQXhxVytHMXpqK2FBNXQvdGVXOVBZRkRpb2tORlpWc1lKTXcrWFNHN1Q3RjlpSEJoWFBBR0ttNlIiLCJtYWMiOiI1MjQ0MWYxYzY2ODRlMjJkY2Y4MjkwZGEyMGU0NWU4YTliODRiYzBhNGIwMDJhMGI4Y2UwNzQ4Y2I0ZDQxNTQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ii8vMkhxcDdPTWtVMmVtZyswQmZhc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYmRWTnhCdlhqNTBOUXNXRU9MeEF3MDN5QlFvbFZXS2kwMjRHT1hKSzNpMzVmK2puMDhoemVPQ1d" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVrdUJCZS9Pbjc2SzFWSWVUOTBwUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1J3SDcramtKaWVHK2loRHFQbWNxN0pTbkpIRnZCblB1TWVIZ0JqVzJtL2lTRUVSdmhJSWV3VVhveHo4RFdQelFWSEQ1Qys2MGgvSHBPdnZFcXYwQlQzSjRyTFFMWGUzODZNcWRST3huenJSbUZMUHRFM2VjOHNFa0ZTNFg2MzUiLCJtYWMiOiI1OGFmZjVmZmU2MmVlNGU3MzI2NWM5Zjk4ODE2ZTViOGYwNmZhMTk3MmQ4ODBiYTVmMGM4MGY3NDU5YjE3MDFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 11:40:47 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVrdUJCZS9Pbjc2SzFWSWVUOTBwUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1J3SDcramtKaWVHK2loRHFQbWNxN0pTbkpIRnZCblB1TWVIZ0JqVzJtL2lTRUVSdmhJSWV3VVhveHo4RFdQelFWSEQ1Q" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ii8vMkhxcDdPTWtVMmVtZyswQmZhc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYmRWTnhCdlhqNTBOUXNXRU9MeEF3MDN5QlFvbFZXS2kwMjRHT1hKSzNpMzVmK2puMDhoemVPQ1dQU2ZibmZSZWZ5ZVRZRTdIQXhxVytHMXpqK2FBNXQvdGVXOVBZRkRpb2tORlpWc1lKTXcrWFNHN1Q3RjlpSEJoWFBBR0ttNlIiLCJtYWMiOiI1MjQ0MWYxYzY2ODRlMjJkY2Y4MjkwZGEyMGU0NWU4YTliODRiYzBhNGIwMDJhMGI4Y2UwNzQ4Y2I0ZDQxNTQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ii8vMkhxcDdPTWtVMmVtZyswQmZhc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYmRWTnhCdlhqNTBOUXNXRU9MeEF3MDN5QlFvbFZXS2kwMjRHT1hKSzNpMzVmK2puMDhoemVPQ1d" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "JodAKyfaz11IkGqe8L9msikFvSTuhKnLDzzeuQae" "uc_cart_id" => "ecaf168d97b22e6ca04188fc32dbeccd" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9025" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 23:40:47GET/chapter/90251121912