Microanatomy of the Nerves in the Axilla

Abstract

In this chapter, the author combines the established views of the microstructure of the ulnar nerve as an example of a singe peripheral nerve, with some newer concepts that have emerged only recently. The position and importance of the circumneural (paraneural) sheath and subcircumneural (subparaneural) space are discussed, as well as the other membranes and compartments surrounding this peripheral nerve, namely, the endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium, and epimysium. The subepimyseal space is discussed in the context of peripheral nerve block.

Keywords: Acute pain medicine, Axon, Circumneural sheath, Continuous peripheral nerve block, Endoneurium, Epimysium, Fascia, Fascicles, Gliding apparatus, Microanatomy, Nerve axon, Paraneural sheath, Perineurium Epineurium, Peripheral nerve block, Regional anesthesia, Single peripheral nerve, Subcircumneural space, Subepimyseal space, Subparaneural space, Ulnar nerve, Ultrastructure.