Emerging Chagas Disease

Medical-Social Aspects of Chagas Disease

Author(s): Antonio Teixeira, Mariana Hecht and Alessandro Sousa

Pp: 168-173 (6)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805041310901010168

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Chagas disease has been an important factor that imposes difficulties to the colonization of Latin America during the last five centuries. Such assertive requires an insight about an ailment that propagates in the continent, reaching 18 million people, from which one third will succumb to the disease at the ages ranging from 30 to 45 years of age. The families that dwelled in rural areas for several generations know well enough that ailment because they had at least one beloved that succumbed to Chagas disease. Orphanhood and desolation is the prevalent picture in the inland of this unfortunate continent filled with fear of sudden death caused by Chagas disease. Formerly it was said that Chagas disease was a disease of the poor and, therefore, out of fashion. Nowadays, the disease is found in every social class but the conception of out of fashion persists because it is of the interest of those who insist in not taking care of the problem inside their own house. However, many people understand the importance of this disease that has brought suffering to the population. Unfortunately, sectors with alien thinking sustain the idea that the disease has been controlled and issue geopolitical certificates of exemption of triatomines, vectors of Chagas disease. The solution of this problem depends on the mobilization of the society aiming changes on this secular reality.

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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421794 and j.to_date >= 1740421794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 677) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421794 and j.to_date >= 1740421794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 677) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421794 and j.to_date >= 1740421794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 677)
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 837 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740421794 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740421794 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 837
      • 3: 1740421794
      • 4: 1740421794
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='b30d51313cfb78d233021f9671bd578e'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        r8gk3BICKy0M8Zabm1hwgqQR8gWWY0s7lARx7lQp
        uc_cart_id
        b30d51313cfb78d233021f9671bd578e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/677" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/677
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 18:29:54 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRLcXJoQWNqWTB1ZDhhdUE5a1Vwa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWJSUng5bjNadXNFbzhBWmptRmNmNUFUcGhqSnBWWTFyL2ZQU1lldEJkVUlNK05HbGljdkFDL3M2YjV3Z3hzWjJNUVNma0hBQjdZMkFaRGw3bUxudjYvNWg5STFSajdJVXJuSG9KTGFUM3pWNHdNNHhOTUk3RTdWd1NKbTRDZDEiLCJtYWMiOiI2Y2U2ZjFiNzY3YmVjYTIyZGU5NmQyZTczYmNkZTYyZGM5OTczN2E1Yzk0OTc5MzFjNWEzYzBjMzJjNjUzM2VhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 06:29:54 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRLcXJoQWNqWTB1ZDhhdUE5a1Vwa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWJSUng5bjNadXNFbzhBWmptRmNmNUFUcGhqSnBWWTFyL2ZQU1lldEJkVUlNK05HbGljdkFDL3M2YjV3Z3hzWjJNUVNma" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjM5OXJQZ2FwL3lNK0QrQlJKMW0rZkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUU5zcDQ3MGZlbXA4Sk5ybU9lOTZ4RG1lamI0Wlc4ZEhjUFg3dGRqbzlhMWRPeGpWOWVjbmxMbmVCY1JibTBZbjUyazZwWXFiWUx3dmdPNWFwN0VjRno3Nm5JdWZ4aStpZE45aFRmSElpbmluVEErOFpYRG5PbHBldm5vdmNvR0siLCJtYWMiOiIyMjgwY2U5MDU5NGY3NzE3MjEzZDJjNmNjYjBjMmE2ZTIzMDY5ODM2ZGJjYTQ1MjgzNTMyYTQzZGExYzIwNzY2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjM5OXJQZ2FwL3lNK0QrQlJKMW0rZkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUU5zcDQ3MGZlbXA4Sk5ybU9lOTZ4RG1lamI0Wlc4ZEhjUFg3dGRqbzlhMWRPeGpWOWVjbmxMbmV" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRLcXJoQWNqWTB1ZDhhdUE5a1Vwa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWJSUng5bjNadXNFbzhBWmptRmNmNUFUcGhqSnBWWTFyL2ZQU1lldEJkVUlNK05HbGljdkFDL3M2YjV3Z3hzWjJNUVNma0hBQjdZMkFaRGw3bUxudjYvNWg5STFSajdJVXJuSG9KTGFUM3pWNHdNNHhOTUk3RTdWd1NKbTRDZDEiLCJtYWMiOiI2Y2U2ZjFiNzY3YmVjYTIyZGU5NmQyZTczYmNkZTYyZGM5OTczN2E1Yzk0OTc5MzFjNWEzYzBjMzJjNjUzM2VhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 06:29:54 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRLcXJoQWNqWTB1ZDhhdUE5a1Vwa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWJSUng5bjNadXNFbzhBWmptRmNmNUFUcGhqSnBWWTFyL2ZQU1lldEJkVUlNK05HbGljdkFDL3M2YjV3Z3hzWjJNUVNma" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjM5OXJQZ2FwL3lNK0QrQlJKMW0rZkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUU5zcDQ3MGZlbXA4Sk5ybU9lOTZ4RG1lamI0Wlc4ZEhjUFg3dGRqbzlhMWRPeGpWOWVjbmxMbmVCY1JibTBZbjUyazZwWXFiWUx3dmdPNWFwN0VjRno3Nm5JdWZ4aStpZE45aFRmSElpbmluVEErOFpYRG5PbHBldm5vdmNvR0siLCJtYWMiOiIyMjgwY2U5MDU5NGY3NzE3MjEzZDJjNmNjYjBjMmE2ZTIzMDY5ODM2ZGJjYTQ1MjgzNTMyYTQzZGExYzIwNzY2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjM5OXJQZ2FwL3lNK0QrQlJKMW0rZkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUU5zcDQ3MGZlbXA4Sk5ybU9lOTZ4RG1lamI0Wlc4ZEhjUFg3dGRqbzlhMWRPeGpWOWVjbmxMbmV" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "r8gk3BICKy0M8Zabm1hwgqQR8gWWY0s7lARx7lQp" "uc_cart_id" => "b30d51313cfb78d233021f9671bd578e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/677" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 18:29:54GET/chapter/677112193