Premium and Specialized Intraocular Lenses

Ocular Telescopic Devices

Author(s): Eli Rosen, Ehud I. Assia and Guy Kleinmann

Pp: 281-309 (29)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608058327114010016

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Magnifying devices for patients with macular diseases have existed for about 70 years. The development of various devices over the years is related to the evolving understanding of the physiology and optical parameters of the eye, the devices and the relationship between the devices and the eye.

In the last decade, we have witnessed a tremendous development in the field of intraocular telescopic devices. These telescopes use the optical and physiologic advantages of their intraocular location, and resolve many of the disadvantages of external or combined telescopic devices.

Although most studies are ongoing, the Implantable Miniature Telescope (IMT) is the first and currently the only FDA approved device. The IMT is also the only device known to have been studied in a large, controlled, clinical trial. Other devices, such as the Lipshitz Macular Implant (LMI) and the IOL-Vip have been studied in small series of patients only. All devices resulted in improved visual acuity in implanted patients, but a correlation to improved quality of life was not apparent. Unfortunately, there are no uniform, comparable, clinical parameters among these studies.

Intraocular telescope implantation is challenging from the aspects of surgical technique and visual rehabilitation. A low complication rate (such as endothelial cell loss) and a programmed rehabilitation process are crucial for obtaining best results from an implanted telescope.

In this chapter we describe the optical and physiological aspects of low vision aids. We present the historical background and the technological progress, including recent clinical trials, emphasizing the current evaluations of intraocular magnifying devices.


Keywords: Intraocular telescope, low vision, macular scar, end stage age related macular degeneration, Miniature telescope, treatment, visual rehabilitation.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515780 and j.to_date >= 1740515780 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6340) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515780 and j.to_date >= 1740515780 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6340) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515780 and j.to_date >= 1740515780 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6340)
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1494 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740515780 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740515780 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1494
      • 3: 1740515780
      • 4: 1740515780
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='096888b6b75aa22070b95fb4d3b757d5'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    7Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        UXnIPW8LTTaByScdY3psbYRFDE9xQCZeEJdlaZPO
        uc_cart_id
        096888b6b75aa22070b95fb4d3b757d5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6340" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/6340
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:36:20 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldyTVRoSHVOcDQwQzBwZ2NVUFJJY1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiamsyZVd3QUo4MkdlS1h1R0xCWHdIYzVTblZITk56b2pGL0Q0bUtCcTVxd1V5N0tUNEdBd2UyeGk4TjJpYUxobXY4d2diMjBNWFBFVGRLQ0RCYmFobFhoUUJudjREQ25nZnRUM3h3SGVjV1dzL3B2NlNJazJtcWc4ckx3Sjd2UzkiLCJtYWMiOiIyZjIyNTc4NzVlMWMwODllMThiM2RmNGMwNTIwZmRiZGRhZDQxMzljODlmOWE5MzIzMzY5NmRhZDFjOGM2Y2I1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:36:20 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldyTVRoSHVOcDQwQzBwZ2NVUFJJY1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiamsyZVd3QUo4MkdlS1h1R0xCWHdIYzVTblZITk56b2pGL0Q0bUtCcTVxd1V5N0tUNEdBd2UyeGk4TjJpYUxobXY4d2diM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNBZEFIODU3Tmx2akVGVEVJUEhWa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQVVjVzBPa2VXa040QTQvbzIzM1pwUW9ob2hYMVBoejdKL3FZUm56YUVBZEZCZFd4Ym8yeU4yaWxXR1d5dldyaXkyT2p3NjBxZlIrRUptS1dOSFFWSUE4VHloNjZsWkxHbG04Qk5JL3l2THNNR0dtc3ZKT3grSXlHQUk3di9ud0QiLCJtYWMiOiIzNzFmM2RjYmVjMmJkZDI3NDk5NzkwYzEyMDFhZTMwNmI0YzlhODFkNDRhMjBhZWQwY2RhZTY4NzMyOWNlYjI0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNBZEFIODU3Tmx2akVGVEVJUEhWa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQVVjVzBPa2VXa040QTQvbzIzM1pwUW9ob2hYMVBoejdKL3FZUm56YUVBZEZCZFd4Ym8yeU4yaWx" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldyTVRoSHVOcDQwQzBwZ2NVUFJJY1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiamsyZVd3QUo4MkdlS1h1R0xCWHdIYzVTblZITk56b2pGL0Q0bUtCcTVxd1V5N0tUNEdBd2UyeGk4TjJpYUxobXY4d2diMjBNWFBFVGRLQ0RCYmFobFhoUUJudjREQ25nZnRUM3h3SGVjV1dzL3B2NlNJazJtcWc4ckx3Sjd2UzkiLCJtYWMiOiIyZjIyNTc4NzVlMWMwODllMThiM2RmNGMwNTIwZmRiZGRhZDQxMzljODlmOWE5MzIzMzY5NmRhZDFjOGM2Y2I1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:36:20 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldyTVRoSHVOcDQwQzBwZ2NVUFJJY1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiamsyZVd3QUo4MkdlS1h1R0xCWHdIYzVTblZITk56b2pGL0Q0bUtCcTVxd1V5N0tUNEdBd2UyeGk4TjJpYUxobXY4d2diM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNBZEFIODU3Tmx2akVGVEVJUEhWa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQVVjVzBPa2VXa040QTQvbzIzM1pwUW9ob2hYMVBoejdKL3FZUm56YUVBZEZCZFd4Ym8yeU4yaWxXR1d5dldyaXkyT2p3NjBxZlIrRUptS1dOSFFWSUE4VHloNjZsWkxHbG04Qk5JL3l2THNNR0dtc3ZKT3grSXlHQUk3di9ud0QiLCJtYWMiOiIzNzFmM2RjYmVjMmJkZDI3NDk5NzkwYzEyMDFhZTMwNmI0YzlhODFkNDRhMjBhZWQwY2RhZTY4NzMyOWNlYjI0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNBZEFIODU3Tmx2akVGVEVJUEhWa0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQVVjVzBPa2VXa040QTQvbzIzM1pwUW9ob2hYMVBoejdKL3FZUm56YUVBZEZCZFd4Ym8yeU4yaWx" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "UXnIPW8LTTaByScdY3psbYRFDE9xQCZeEJdlaZPO" "uc_cart_id" => "096888b6b75aa22070b95fb4d3b757d5" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6340" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:36:20GET/chapter/6340112199