Premium and Specialized Intraocular Lenses

Phakic Intraocular Lenses

Author(s): Jose L. Güell, Thomas Kohnen, Daniel Kook and Merce Morral

Pp: 129-200 (72)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608058327114010010

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter addresses the current status of phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) surgery to correct refractive errors. Depending on the position, three types of PIOLs are recognized: angle-supported anterior chamber, iris-fixated anterior chamber, and posterior chamber PIOLs, which are usually fixated in the ciliary sulcus. The main models of each type of PIOLs are introduced, also patient selection criteria, surgical techniques and applications of anterior segment imaging techniques. Results of the different models of PIOL are summarized, including specific PIOL or surgery related complications. Implantation of PIOL is an effective, safe, predictable, and stable procedure to correct moderate and high refractive errors. Complications are rare and mostly related to the position and the type of the implant.


Keywords: Phakic intraocular lens, refractive surgery, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, complications.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497766 and j.to_date >= 1740497766 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6334) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497766 and j.to_date >= 1740497766 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6334) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497766 and j.to_date >= 1740497766 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6334)
      650μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1494 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497766 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497766 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1494
      • 3: 1740497766
      • 4: 1740497766
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='345b87dfc45c7331fa7c0805a4faa9c5'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        F3M5Jtjweie2eYvZGys2pUsnG44tFnyHCXjfcfL2
        uc_cart_id
        345b87dfc45c7331fa7c0805a4faa9c5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6334" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/6334
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:36:06 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJNYXZZbndQL2ZsNGdaTjdlcUtnOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN0JCNW1mdFlGU1NvSkYyT3VwZzVLQStaenN2b0RDcGFMYWhYZkhYczhuRVRtYTJ1Q1JlWDZXQlN6RUJCYVFEblk0WTlWWDZ1ZTIwQ0FzNmMvZS9iYnl4TGdoQlRUQ0YvQmZGd0dQMzlXL3VTRzExa2I1bkkrb0lMZWxGcTc3eEwiLCJtYWMiOiJhZmE5ODk2OTQ5OGYyM2RjYzlmZTBkZGMyYmRhZTdhMTU2ZGIyMjMxMWEyMTVlNzg5ZDliM2RkMjA1MTRhOWYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:36:06 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJNYXZZbndQL2ZsNGdaTjdlcUtnOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN0JCNW1mdFlGU1NvSkYyT3VwZzVLQStaenN2b0RDcGFMYWhYZkhYczhuRVRtYTJ1Q1JlWDZXQlN6RUJCYVFEblk0WTlWW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImtuemY3dXVPdWFXempGK0R5MzFRMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXgwZHFrZEVyb0pPVWZBYTN5YUg5MkhuV3crcWI4aUxObWxSZXhEbTd3Z0hWYThsNFcrZnhKcUdjOStqUW43WGJSVHJLREg1cGczTFU5c1k2NjQvRWV3anpqcjZzbENKUlNEMk9ORk4xVE82VUVoKzF5OUUvUFZqTS84Y3hOc2YiLCJtYWMiOiI1OGRiYzQ3MDQzMDlhMjU4Mjg0ZWFjYmMwZWE4NWI1ZjBjZjBjNTBmNDU0NmY0NGFiNjgwMzZjMjdjN2NmZjM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImtuemY3dXVPdWFXempGK0R5MzFRMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXgwZHFrZEVyb0pPVWZBYTN5YUg5MkhuV3crcWI4aUxObWxSZXhEbTd3Z0hWYThsNFcrZnhKcUd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJNYXZZbndQL2ZsNGdaTjdlcUtnOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN0JCNW1mdFlGU1NvSkYyT3VwZzVLQStaenN2b0RDcGFMYWhYZkhYczhuRVRtYTJ1Q1JlWDZXQlN6RUJCYVFEblk0WTlWWDZ1ZTIwQ0FzNmMvZS9iYnl4TGdoQlRUQ0YvQmZGd0dQMzlXL3VTRzExa2I1bkkrb0lMZWxGcTc3eEwiLCJtYWMiOiJhZmE5ODk2OTQ5OGYyM2RjYzlmZTBkZGMyYmRhZTdhMTU2ZGIyMjMxMWEyMTVlNzg5ZDliM2RkMjA1MTRhOWYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:36:06 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJNYXZZbndQL2ZsNGdaTjdlcUtnOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN0JCNW1mdFlGU1NvSkYyT3VwZzVLQStaenN2b0RDcGFMYWhYZkhYczhuRVRtYTJ1Q1JlWDZXQlN6RUJCYVFEblk0WTlWW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImtuemY3dXVPdWFXempGK0R5MzFRMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXgwZHFrZEVyb0pPVWZBYTN5YUg5MkhuV3crcWI4aUxObWxSZXhEbTd3Z0hWYThsNFcrZnhKcUdjOStqUW43WGJSVHJLREg1cGczTFU5c1k2NjQvRWV3anpqcjZzbENKUlNEMk9ORk4xVE82VUVoKzF5OUUvUFZqTS84Y3hOc2YiLCJtYWMiOiI1OGRiYzQ3MDQzMDlhMjU4Mjg0ZWFjYmMwZWE4NWI1ZjBjZjBjNTBmNDU0NmY0NGFiNjgwMzZjMjdjN2NmZjM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImtuemY3dXVPdWFXempGK0R5MzFRMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXgwZHFrZEVyb0pPVWZBYTN5YUg5MkhuV3crcWI4aUxObWxSZXhEbTd3Z0hWYThsNFcrZnhKcUd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "F3M5Jtjweie2eYvZGys2pUsnG44tFnyHCXjfcfL2" "uc_cart_id" => "345b87dfc45c7331fa7c0805a4faa9c5" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6334" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:36:06GET/chapter/6334112198