Abstract
Indeterminate nodules at FNAC are usually candidates for surgical therapy, but, at final histology, most of them are benign. An alternative to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC might be the identification of molecular alterations characteristic of malignant thyroid nodules in the material obtained by FNA. To do that, it is necessary to know which oncogene(s) are mainly involved in thyroid cell transformation, the pathway(s) they stimulate and the mutation responsible for oncogene(s) activation. These aspects will be discussed in this chapter.
Keywords: BRAF, RAS oncogene, RET/PTC rearrangements, molecular diagnosis.
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