Current Topics in Menopause

Adnexal Mass and Ovarian Cancer in Menopause

Author(s): Tanja Pejovic and Farr Nezhat

Pp: 315-325 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608054534113010014

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The differential diagnosis of the adnexal mass indeed varies with the age. Age is the most important factor in determining the potential for malignancy. In postmenopausal women, an adnexal mass should be considered highly abnormal and must be promptly evaluated. The risk of malignancy in this age group is increased from 13% in premenopausal to 45% in postmenopausal women, however 55% of postmenopausal women with palpable ovaries do have a benign tumor. The most common ovarian tumors in this age group include epithelial ovarian tumors followed by stromal tumors and sex-cord tumors. The standard operative approach to adnexal masses in postmenopausal women has been explorative laparotomy to ensure adequate exposure for the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, laparoscopic evaluation of suspicious adnexal masses is considered a reasonable approach with ability to perform frozen section histologic analysis and confirm to laparotomy if needed.


Keywords: Menopause, Ovarian Cancer, Ovarian Surface Epithelium, Adnexal Mass, Laparoscopy, CA125, Endometriosis.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740677173 and j.to_date >= 1740677173 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4801) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740677173 and j.to_date >= 1740677173 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4801) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740677173 and j.to_date >= 1740677173 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4801)
      1.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1177 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740677173 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740677173 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1177
      • 3: 1740677173
      • 4: 1740677173
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='0216b8b16954f3d340fbcbe93346d33d'
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    7Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        hH5TL74JTb7nnapm5XKmngPZDL46OFcmpK1OmcUI
        uc_cart_id
        0216b8b16954f3d340fbcbe93346d33d
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4801" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/4801
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "hH5TL74JTb7nnapm5XKmngPZDL46OFcmpK1OmcUI" "uc_cart_id" => "0216b8b16954f3d340fbcbe93346d33d" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4801" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-27 17:26:14GET/chapter/4801112199