Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials

Cell Life Cycle Effects of Bare and Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Author(s): Morteza Mahmoudi, Sophie Laurent and W. Shane Journeay

Pp: 53-65 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805283711201010053

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Due to the hopeful potential of nanoparticles in medicine, they have attracted much attention for various applications such as targeted drug/gene delivery, separation or imaging. Interaction of NPs with the biological environment can lead to a wide range of cellular responses. In order to have safe NPs for biomedical applications, the current biocompatibility researches are particularly focused on the severe toxic mechanisms which cause cells death. These mechanisms are apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis, which can also be intricately linked with the cell-life cycle, as there are various check-points and controls in a cell’s life cycle to ensure appropriate division processes. Mechanisms by which toxicants induce cell death by necrosis and apoptosis have been the focus of many biomedical disciplines because it helps us understand toxicity but also provides opportunities for drugs to impact on dysregulation of the cell cycle in diseases such as cancer. Among various types of NPs, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are recognized as powerful biocompatible materials for multi-task nanomedicine applications such as drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, cell/protein separation, hyperthermia and transfection. This chapter presents overview of the effect of SPION on the cell life cycle.


Keywords: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Cell cycle, TUNEL assay, Protein absorption, Polyethylene glycol fumarate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Propidium iodide, Phosphate buffer saline, Fetal bovine serum, MTT assay, Derivative study.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774808 and j.to_date >= 1740774808 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4281) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774808 and j.to_date >= 1740774808 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4281) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774808 and j.to_date >= 1740774808 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4281)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1097 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740774808 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740774808 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1097
      • 3: 1740774808
      • 4: 1740774808
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='da2febdaef1c1b891380ad54ec208045'
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        k38g7GcocL4VuZXgtjtRfLbwOq7htHp8Oalp3pmS
        uc_cart_id
        da2febdaef1c1b891380ad54ec208045
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4281" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/4281
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:33:28 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InlVY0Fham5icWVENkh2dGUrVnpUQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhFREtlZmU5emFHMUc2NjEySlJ0VWpZSm9QaUtCZm50NXM0NDRZYzkzVDF2NGxXWnhDRndsSW8yWXNWcFBQL2xuTEp0T2FHNnlZM2tOalgrS1JtK0M5WjU5QkF4SE9OZGlDTzdYR0hyeE5HTS9NbUpaMk50S2NnSzNpbnQrdk8iLCJtYWMiOiJiNWExMTAxYjlhMTA5ZDI3MDIyMDEwMjZiOWZlNWE1ZmQyOWRlZjcxYmQxMmZkYWI4OWE1Y2IxMzAzZjNkODZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:33:28 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InlVY0Fham5icWVENkh2dGUrVnpUQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhFREtlZmU5emFHMUc2NjEySlJ0VWpZSm9QaUtCZm50NXM0NDRZYzkzVDF2NGxXWnhDRndsSW8yWXNWcFBQL2xuTEp0T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ikw5YnhMVy9GajE0Z1E0YU1KbjlvSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL21lYTZON09RcmZFajI5Wnl6N2VudlNqdXBoNkl5YWR4N1Y3N2pqN2RoUG1Pa3hzUld1OUM3Mzl6c1EvR2g4ZHpwM3NBTmtTcm9VcE5HVHMxQlQ5cnVSVCtIMk9uYi8rVzVMNTE3TXFEZ2J4Z1V5bWpKTVFtNUNLbFhCU053YVUiLCJtYWMiOiJkMWM1NzVlZmZhYjQ2NzM1YWQ0ZWVkMjMxYjVhZGRkNjM0YTFhNTJiNDQyNDQ3MjZiMGQ1MjExYjNlOWVjMzRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ikw5YnhMVy9GajE0Z1E0YU1KbjlvSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL21lYTZON09RcmZFajI5Wnl6N2VudlNqdXBoNkl5YWR4N1Y3N2pqN2RoUG1Pa3hzUld1OUM3Mzl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InlVY0Fham5icWVENkh2dGUrVnpUQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhFREtlZmU5emFHMUc2NjEySlJ0VWpZSm9QaUtCZm50NXM0NDRZYzkzVDF2NGxXWnhDRndsSW8yWXNWcFBQL2xuTEp0T2FHNnlZM2tOalgrS1JtK0M5WjU5QkF4SE9OZGlDTzdYR0hyeE5HTS9NbUpaMk50S2NnSzNpbnQrdk8iLCJtYWMiOiJiNWExMTAxYjlhMTA5ZDI3MDIyMDEwMjZiOWZlNWE1ZmQyOWRlZjcxYmQxMmZkYWI4OWE1Y2IxMzAzZjNkODZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:33:28 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InlVY0Fham5icWVENkh2dGUrVnpUQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhFREtlZmU5emFHMUc2NjEySlJ0VWpZSm9QaUtCZm50NXM0NDRZYzkzVDF2NGxXWnhDRndsSW8yWXNWcFBQL2xuTEp0T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ikw5YnhMVy9GajE0Z1E0YU1KbjlvSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL21lYTZON09RcmZFajI5Wnl6N2VudlNqdXBoNkl5YWR4N1Y3N2pqN2RoUG1Pa3hzUld1OUM3Mzl6c1EvR2g4ZHpwM3NBTmtTcm9VcE5HVHMxQlQ5cnVSVCtIMk9uYi8rVzVMNTE3TXFEZ2J4Z1V5bWpKTVFtNUNLbFhCU053YVUiLCJtYWMiOiJkMWM1NzVlZmZhYjQ2NzM1YWQ0ZWVkMjMxYjVhZGRkNjM0YTFhNTJiNDQyNDQ3MjZiMGQ1MjExYjNlOWVjMzRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ikw5YnhMVy9GajE0Z1E0YU1KbjlvSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL21lYTZON09RcmZFajI5Wnl6N2VudlNqdXBoNkl5YWR4N1Y3N2pqN2RoUG1Pa3hzUld1OUM3Mzl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "k38g7GcocL4VuZXgtjtRfLbwOq7htHp8Oalp3pmS" "uc_cart_id" => "da2febdaef1c1b891380ad54ec208045" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4281" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:33:28GET/chapter/42811121913