Abstract
Nanoparticle technology offers a large array of applications also in plants, for either plant biology research or agricultural practice. Indeed, plants are at the base of any ecological web, in both natural and artificial ecosystems; nanoparticles of various origins, natural as well as anthropogenic or engineered, are being increasingly released into the environment. Therefore, assessment of possible risks is urgent before nanoparticles become more and more ubiquitous in every aspects of life. The present chapter critically reviews recent knowledge on phytotoxicity of nanoparticles, considering both lower and higher plants.
Keywords: Natural NPs, Anthropogenic NPs, Engineered NPs, Carbon NPs, Metal NPs, Metal oxide NPs, Oxidative stress, Uptake by plants, Translocation in plants, Phytotoxicity, Microalgae, Seed germination, Pollen germination.
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