Contemporary Sleep Medicine For Patients

Primary Snoring and Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome

Author(s): Kannan Ramar, Eric J. Olson

Pp: 18-20 (3)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805267711101010018

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Snoring is the sound of soft tissues vibrating within the upper throat during sleep. The vibration is a result of turbulent air flow through the throat as it narrows during sleep. Snoring is very common in adults and may occur alone or be a feature of other conditions characterized by greater throat narrowing during sleep, namely upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). UARS is marked by daytime sleepiness and/or fatigue in the context of frequent respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). RERAs are episodic arousals that follow periods of more intense breathing effort as resistance to airflow in the throat increases. Once the throat is very narrow, hypopneas (partial reduction in airflow) and apneas (complete cessation of airflow) occur, and these events comprise OSA. Whether UARS is an entity distinct from OSA remains still debated.

Risk factors for snoring and UARS are similar and include obesity, nasal congestion, alcohol and drug consumption before bed, and abnormalities of the bony and soft tissue structures of the head and neck. Snoring can be a nuisance, but generally does not produce daytime sequelae, while UARS may lead to daytime fatigue and sleepiness. Treatment options for snoring and UARS include risk factor modifications, nasal-directed therapies, oral appliances, upper airway surgery, while continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an additional option for UARS.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51872515 and j.to_ip >=51872515 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459459 and j.to_date >= 1740459459 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3144) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51872515 and j.to_ip >=51872515 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459459 and j.to_date >= 1740459459 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3144) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51872515 and j.to_ip >=51872515 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459459 and j.to_date >= 1740459459 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3144)
      930μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1002 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740459459 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740459459 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1002
      • 3: 1740459459
      • 4: 1740459459
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='f1f914a00c849a25b1334e8633053de6'
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        L8PYtZ3dAvoqyejSSAQE0fbnCT2chLesVW9Fmz8R
        uc_cart_id
        f1f914a00c849a25b1334e8633053de6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3144" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3144
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:57:39 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpMVzFJS0dRTWtPMlQzOERvTmtiZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMkNJVHFNd2FZamdDaDQ2SGlTeE1yRi9nKzJQS0lGR082eTJWVUNvd1RNdWprTDVRTXhLOXowY1c1b1lLdTNJK21yamxhd0JzR2lEYllsTHdBTmJBaHE5b29TREdQL0graXF6dEw0c0ZCaFN1WTNlY20vOElGNGtKa01FdysvL0IiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTE1NzQyNzc4NzM3NzQ1ZmE2ZjRmMDc5OTk5OWQzNmY4YmM1ZWQwNzRiZmRkMzY2MGFlOWMwYzUyYmEzMTliIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:57:39 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpMVzFJS0dRTWtPMlQzOERvTmtiZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMkNJVHFNd2FZamdDaDQ2SGlTeE1yRi9nKzJQS0lGR082eTJWVUNvd1RNdWprTDVRTXhLOXowY1c1b1lLdTNJK21yamxhd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY0dThYZ2xGSlhYdml4ZXdIc1pNYWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTc2Z3RhelF4aGdTVlAwSjJKWW5KZEpBVi96RUZRNmtBUm1OMkorNUJ1eGtDQ01ETFczaVlNMWFxWU5GYnJEUUdjNFY4a0JuVjVoRjVTY2VnWEsyTUxtWCs1dHRLYjV0ZFAwREppd0V5TkZzbVg4Q3ViNGRIUWJzd0J6d0JTakEiLCJtYWMiOiI4MDMyNzY0NDczOTYwMGNhMDg1ZmU2OTEwOGMzYTlmNzU5ZDNmYTkyNTA5M2JlMjEyZGFhYjlmOWRiZmJlZGUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY0dThYZ2xGSlhYdml4ZXdIc1pNYWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTc2Z3RhelF4aGdTVlAwSjJKWW5KZEpBVi96RUZRNmtBUm1OMkorNUJ1eGtDQ01ETFczaVlNMWF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpMVzFJS0dRTWtPMlQzOERvTmtiZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMkNJVHFNd2FZamdDaDQ2SGlTeE1yRi9nKzJQS0lGR082eTJWVUNvd1RNdWprTDVRTXhLOXowY1c1b1lLdTNJK21yamxhd0JzR2lEYllsTHdBTmJBaHE5b29TREdQL0graXF6dEw0c0ZCaFN1WTNlY20vOElGNGtKa01FdysvL0IiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTE1NzQyNzc4NzM3NzQ1ZmE2ZjRmMDc5OTk5OWQzNmY4YmM1ZWQwNzRiZmRkMzY2MGFlOWMwYzUyYmEzMTliIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:57:39 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpMVzFJS0dRTWtPMlQzOERvTmtiZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMkNJVHFNd2FZamdDaDQ2SGlTeE1yRi9nKzJQS0lGR082eTJWVUNvd1RNdWprTDVRTXhLOXowY1c1b1lLdTNJK21yamxhd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY0dThYZ2xGSlhYdml4ZXdIc1pNYWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTc2Z3RhelF4aGdTVlAwSjJKWW5KZEpBVi96RUZRNmtBUm1OMkorNUJ1eGtDQ01ETFczaVlNMWFxWU5GYnJEUUdjNFY4a0JuVjVoRjVTY2VnWEsyTUxtWCs1dHRLYjV0ZFAwREppd0V5TkZzbVg4Q3ViNGRIUWJzd0J6d0JTakEiLCJtYWMiOiI4MDMyNzY0NDczOTYwMGNhMDg1ZmU2OTEwOGMzYTlmNzU5ZDNmYTkyNTA5M2JlMjEyZGFhYjlmOWRiZmJlZGUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY0dThYZ2xGSlhYdml4ZXdIc1pNYWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTc2Z3RhelF4aGdTVlAwSjJKWW5KZEpBVi96RUZRNmtBUm1OMkorNUJ1eGtDQ01ETFczaVlNMWF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "L8PYtZ3dAvoqyejSSAQE0fbnCT2chLesVW9Fmz8R" "uc_cart_id" => "f1f914a00c849a25b1334e8633053de6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3144" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:57:39GET/chapter/3144112193