Handbook of Integrated Weed Management for Major Field Crops

Integrated Weed Management in Maize

Author(s): Rakesh Kumar*, Pardeep Kaur* and Robin * .

Pp: 71-77 (7)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815305098124010010

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Maize exhibits a high susceptibility to adverse effects caused by weed competition. Research conducted on crop loss has revealed the existence of a crucial time frame window commencing approximately fourteen days post-planting and persisting for a duration of approximately six weeks. It is imperative to eradicate weeds within this specific timeframe to maximize crop yield. The existence of both annual and perennial weeds presents a substantial obstacle in the cultivation of maize. Certain weed species have the potential to result in complete crop failure, with the severity of infestation varying across different geographical regions. Optimal land preparation techniques are crucial for achieving a seedbed that is devoid of weeds during the sowing process. Additionally, the practice of deep ploughing can effectively manage rhizomatous perennial weeds. The development of high-yield cultivars is crucial for enhancing competitive advantage against weeds by facilitating the rapid establishment of a dense canopy. Increased plant density results in greater shading, which subsequently leads to the suppression of early weed growth. The application of a balanced fertilizer promotes improved nutrient utilization by crops compared to weeds. 

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495552 and j.to_date >= 1740495552 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23523) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495552 and j.to_date >= 1740495552 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23523) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495552 and j.to_date >= 1740495552 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23523)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3787 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740495552 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740495552 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3787
      • 3: 1740495552
      • 4: 1740495552
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='327de68961855284f0f5bea8a94ec982'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        no7kEbcQPtdm7mFftzD0B8nl2iUklejf6QKiZb3t
        uc_cart_id
        327de68961855284f0f5bea8a94ec982
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/23523" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/23523
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 14:59:12 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRvTUdzSGhoSzVKRlBNQkhzYmRGeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEw5ZjcyVlFDYmtMSjRYQ2swN1dEdHF2MDJ4eUtsWlN6dGc1ajU3clB0bnJKOU4xVGNrb1VZZmlrNHpvQTYzN3hoL1MvelR2ZWNUREZQdlN6QTh1NkxNUkFaaEc2RXRrR2p4cmxCYU9wNmYyQzdjN0lnUk0xczA1U0c2RkhRRnUiLCJtYWMiOiI2MjBhMDdjY2I5YzRmMjVkODgzYTk1MWM1ZGU1NWUzZDliYWFhYzk3YzUxMWRhODU0NDc2MmIxMzAwMDNlZjYwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 02:59:12 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRvTUdzSGhoSzVKRlBNQkhzYmRGeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEw5ZjcyVlFDYmtMSjRYQ2swN1dEdHF2MDJ4eUtsWlN6dGc1ajU3clB0bnJKOU4xVGNrb1VZZmlrNHpvQTYzN3hoL1Mve" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJXdHZGN2xYY0tEVHlwWWw2WW56M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWhEK3R6N0p3MEdhVGMwVnk4bWFxMW9FcEMrTDhqTGhwVkdXQURCVGgzRlRkREJXdnpFTm9jeWJvajY5UGZ1SHpzdUd0dC9jbTFhV1dWVGdkang2a0tQTk5GMGFqZGFXcko3VnpxcWpvYy9uT2ZxazdhMktVaStMRzdqT21LTHkiLCJtYWMiOiIyZWZkYWMzMzVlNWFkNWVjOGEyMzEwZGYxMDhjMGIyZjYxNTlmMjlhNDI4N2VmZWU0ZjVkZTFiMDZkODM2NDFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJXdHZGN2xYY0tEVHlwWWw2WW56M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWhEK3R6N0p3MEdhVGMwVnk4bWFxMW9FcEMrTDhqTGhwVkdXQURCVGgzRlRkREJXdnpFTm9jeWJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRvTUdzSGhoSzVKRlBNQkhzYmRGeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEw5ZjcyVlFDYmtMSjRYQ2swN1dEdHF2MDJ4eUtsWlN6dGc1ajU3clB0bnJKOU4xVGNrb1VZZmlrNHpvQTYzN3hoL1MvelR2ZWNUREZQdlN6QTh1NkxNUkFaaEc2RXRrR2p4cmxCYU9wNmYyQzdjN0lnUk0xczA1U0c2RkhRRnUiLCJtYWMiOiI2MjBhMDdjY2I5YzRmMjVkODgzYTk1MWM1ZGU1NWUzZDliYWFhYzk3YzUxMWRhODU0NDc2MmIxMzAwMDNlZjYwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 02:59:12 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRvTUdzSGhoSzVKRlBNQkhzYmRGeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEw5ZjcyVlFDYmtMSjRYQ2swN1dEdHF2MDJ4eUtsWlN6dGc1ajU3clB0bnJKOU4xVGNrb1VZZmlrNHpvQTYzN3hoL1Mve" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJXdHZGN2xYY0tEVHlwWWw2WW56M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWhEK3R6N0p3MEdhVGMwVnk4bWFxMW9FcEMrTDhqTGhwVkdXQURCVGgzRlRkREJXdnpFTm9jeWJvajY5UGZ1SHpzdUd0dC9jbTFhV1dWVGdkang2a0tQTk5GMGFqZGFXcko3VnpxcWpvYy9uT2ZxazdhMktVaStMRzdqT21LTHkiLCJtYWMiOiIyZWZkYWMzMzVlNWFkNWVjOGEyMzEwZGYxMDhjMGIyZjYxNTlmMjlhNDI4N2VmZWU0ZjVkZTFiMDZkODM2NDFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJXdHZGN2xYY0tEVHlwWWw2WW56M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWhEK3R6N0p3MEdhVGMwVnk4bWFxMW9FcEMrTDhqTGhwVkdXQURCVGgzRlRkREJXdnpFTm9jeWJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "no7kEbcQPtdm7mFftzD0B8nl2iUklejf6QKiZb3t" "uc_cart_id" => "327de68961855284f0f5bea8a94ec982" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/23523" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 14:59:12GET/chapter/23523112192