Handbook of Integrated Weed Management for Major Field Crops

An Integrated Approach to the Control of Weeds in Wheat Crop

Author(s): Rakesh Kumar*, Pardeep Kaur* and Robin * .

Pp: 52-61 (10)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815305098124010008

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Wheat holds significant agricultural importance as it is extensively cultivated across diverse climatic conditions and soil types. The transition from cultivating tall varieties to dwarf and semi-dwarf (specifically Mexican wheat) varieties has exacerbated the issue of weeds in significant wheat cultivation regions. Both grassy and broadleaved weeds are commonly found in this agricultural crop. The detrimental effects of weeds are most pronounced when they are permitted to compete with wheat crops during the initial 45 days. The implementation of weed management strategies encompasses both preventive measures and effective management practices. These may include the use of uncontaminated agricultural seeds sourced only from accredited state and national organizations, enhancement of crop vigor, altering the crop sequence, application of phosphoric fertilizers in the absence of nitrogen, and rotation strategy for herbicides. 

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      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514725 and j.to_date >= 1740514725 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23521) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514725 and j.to_date >= 1740514725 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23521) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514725 and j.to_date >= 1740514725 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 23521)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3787 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740514725 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740514725 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3787
      • 3: 1740514725
      • 4: 1740514725
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='70cef4a9eafb62acc1c33d4df4c0c9fc'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        eIo1Me2cuHXj9ttB0nfzWX42QdjBtknT8G0R5KPh
        uc_cart_id
        70cef4a9eafb62acc1c33d4df4c0c9fc
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/23521" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/23521
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:18:45 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InQyalVpa3hvcHlvdE50dnRsNVBSTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnBJQWpRUUUyNC9IaDNDNGc0dDJVY3pyWEtBckc3dzNVR1hSb2k2V1B0WWN6MmNRWVVRL0NVdlVNbjYrMkc4VlJ4S1ZaQy9rbUhKclZ1ZUx5aGlZNzRlM2lQbTArT2tSZ1NTWUYvOVVoUm5yRlFwTVVLQ1llMXdIS01ld0Z1dGEiLCJtYWMiOiJkZmE2NTBhOGUxYjIzZmUyYmJhYzVlNDFmN2M2NjI5MTU5YjdiYjAyOGRhZjQwYjhlZjAyNTUwMWUwODA5Y2Y1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:18:45 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InQyalVpa3hvcHlvdE50dnRsNVBSTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnBJQWpRUUUyNC9IaDNDNGc0dDJVY3pyWEtBckc3dzNVR1hSb2k2V1B0WWN6MmNRWVVRL0NVdlVNbjYrMkc4VlJ4S1ZaQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik8xQjJyVzdjdjlIRlE3RWpNQy9tNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG5OOWtoMHhuR1dLWnlzcE1BNWJ4TE1QZnBpOU5Bckk0dXB0UkUrYUE1RlRGaXJZWWFsdzNxdGFUMEVva2p4Um10aHdqNWV4Y2RUdDJBcDNkcmExZU9OWk05MU52SWNlcC9aQ3UzREhZWm13SzRiYzBMRnFsVDNXS004djNXN2siLCJtYWMiOiI0NDkyYzIxM2E3YWI0NzQ1MTI0ZTUyYzA2M2NhNmVkMDNiZDUzOTI5OTMyMWNhZTMzM2RlMzI4M2YwMTVjY2ZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik8xQjJyVzdjdjlIRlE3RWpNQy9tNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG5OOWtoMHhuR1dLWnlzcE1BNWJ4TE1QZnBpOU5Bckk0dXB0UkUrYUE1RlRGaXJZWWFsdzNxdGF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InQyalVpa3hvcHlvdE50dnRsNVBSTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnBJQWpRUUUyNC9IaDNDNGc0dDJVY3pyWEtBckc3dzNVR1hSb2k2V1B0WWN6MmNRWVVRL0NVdlVNbjYrMkc4VlJ4S1ZaQy9rbUhKclZ1ZUx5aGlZNzRlM2lQbTArT2tSZ1NTWUYvOVVoUm5yRlFwTVVLQ1llMXdIS01ld0Z1dGEiLCJtYWMiOiJkZmE2NTBhOGUxYjIzZmUyYmJhYzVlNDFmN2M2NjI5MTU5YjdiYjAyOGRhZjQwYjhlZjAyNTUwMWUwODA5Y2Y1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:18:45 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InQyalVpa3hvcHlvdE50dnRsNVBSTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnBJQWpRUUUyNC9IaDNDNGc0dDJVY3pyWEtBckc3dzNVR1hSb2k2V1B0WWN6MmNRWVVRL0NVdlVNbjYrMkc4VlJ4S1ZaQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik8xQjJyVzdjdjlIRlE3RWpNQy9tNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG5OOWtoMHhuR1dLWnlzcE1BNWJ4TE1QZnBpOU5Bckk0dXB0UkUrYUE1RlRGaXJZWWFsdzNxdGFUMEVva2p4Um10aHdqNWV4Y2RUdDJBcDNkcmExZU9OWk05MU52SWNlcC9aQ3UzREhZWm13SzRiYzBMRnFsVDNXS004djNXN2siLCJtYWMiOiI0NDkyYzIxM2E3YWI0NzQ1MTI0ZTUyYzA2M2NhNmVkMDNiZDUzOTI5OTMyMWNhZTMzM2RlMzI4M2YwMTVjY2ZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik8xQjJyVzdjdjlIRlE3RWpNQy9tNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG5OOWtoMHhuR1dLWnlzcE1BNWJ4TE1QZnBpOU5Bckk0dXB0UkUrYUE1RlRGaXJZWWFsdzNxdGF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "eIo1Me2cuHXj9ttB0nfzWX42QdjBtknT8G0R5KPh" "uc_cart_id" => "70cef4a9eafb62acc1c33d4df4c0c9fc" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/23521" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:18:45GET/chapter/23521112192