Abstract
Urbanization and population growth have significantly impacted the health
and fertility of the soil, putting more strain on farming systems. It is becoming
increasingly necessary to use chemical pesticides and fertilizers in order to meet the
world's growing food demand. There is a significant contribution to greenhouse gas
emissions from these practices. The use of biochar as a multifunctional carbon material
is being extensively investigated in order to address the problems of improving soil
fertility and lowering climate change at the same time. In order to enhance seed
germination and seedling growth, biochar is applied at a low level. In addition to
changing the abiotic and microbial activities of the rhizosphere, biochar increase the
mineralization of nutrients and make them more available to plants. By reducing heavy
metals and increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses, biochar increases plant
resistance to pathogens and abiotic challenges. By providing an in-depth analysis of
biochar's impacts on crop physio-morphological traits, soil’s physio-chemical
properties and productivity, as well as ways toreduce environmental problems were
determined. As a result of this chapter, biochar can be produced in a way that is
efficient and serves the purpose that crops and soil need. Increasing crop production,
assuring food security, and improving environmental management may all benefit from
it.